“…In our research, using the the Tail-Event driven NETwork (TENET, Härdle et al, 2016 ) risk model, we are able to offer fresh information on the degree of interconnection (spillover effect) between markets, providing a detailed picture of the relationship. Although many works have analysed this relationship using several different methodologies such as the VAR and VECM models (Henriques & Sadorsky, 2008 ; Kumar et al, 2012 ; Managi & Okimoto, 2013 ; Bondia et al, 2016 ; Chai et al, 2022 ); wavelets (Reboredo et al, 2017 ); copulas (Reboredo & Ugolini, 2018 ); GARCH and variants (Sadorsky, 2012a ; Lv et al, 2021 , 2012 , 2014 ) and framework and variants (Ahmad, 2017 ; Ferrer et al, 2018 ; Pham, 2019 ; Nasreen et al, 2020 ; Foglia & Angelini, 2020 ), none of these methods have been able to capture extreme spillover effects from a network perspective at the firm level. Our paper is close to a recent work of Saeed et al.…”