“…The increase in GY (%) can be explained by the high number of grafting sites in the initial stages of the reaction. 20 During the long reaction time, the homo-polymeric reaction among monomeric LMAs may have priority over the co-polymeric reaction. 20 Thus, a reaction time of 180 min can be seen as the optimal condition for maximal GY (%).Figure 2.Effect of reaction time on the GY (%).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…20 During the long reaction time, the homo-polymeric reaction among monomeric LMAs may have priority over the co-polymeric reaction. 20 Thus, a reaction time of 180 min can be seen as the optimal condition for maximal GY (%).Figure 2.Effect of reaction time on the GY (%). [AIBN] = 0.04 mol/L, [LMA] = 1.0 mol/L, reaction temperature 75 o C.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…20 During the long reaction time, the homo-polymeric reaction among monomeric LMAs may have priority over the co-polymeric reaction. 20 Thus, a reaction time of 180 min can be seen as the optimal condition for maximal GY (%).…”
In this study, the co-polymer BF- g-LMA was successfully synthesized by grafting monomer lauryl methacrylate (LMA) onto bamboo fibers (BFs) using 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. The grafting process was controlled by the monomer and AIBN concentrations, the reaction time and the temperature, and the optimal conditions were found to be [AIBN] = 0.04 mol/L, [LMA] = 1.0 mol/L, 180 min, and 75oC. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate the characteristics of the BF- g-LMA product. The oil sorption capacity of the graft co-polymer was shown to be about 20.0 g oil/g sorbent.
“…The increase in GY (%) can be explained by the high number of grafting sites in the initial stages of the reaction. 20 During the long reaction time, the homo-polymeric reaction among monomeric LMAs may have priority over the co-polymeric reaction. 20 Thus, a reaction time of 180 min can be seen as the optimal condition for maximal GY (%).Figure 2.Effect of reaction time on the GY (%).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…20 During the long reaction time, the homo-polymeric reaction among monomeric LMAs may have priority over the co-polymeric reaction. 20 Thus, a reaction time of 180 min can be seen as the optimal condition for maximal GY (%).Figure 2.Effect of reaction time on the GY (%). [AIBN] = 0.04 mol/L, [LMA] = 1.0 mol/L, reaction temperature 75 o C.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…20 During the long reaction time, the homo-polymeric reaction among monomeric LMAs may have priority over the co-polymeric reaction. 20 Thus, a reaction time of 180 min can be seen as the optimal condition for maximal GY (%).…”
In this study, the co-polymer BF- g-LMA was successfully synthesized by grafting monomer lauryl methacrylate (LMA) onto bamboo fibers (BFs) using 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. The grafting process was controlled by the monomer and AIBN concentrations, the reaction time and the temperature, and the optimal conditions were found to be [AIBN] = 0.04 mol/L, [LMA] = 1.0 mol/L, 180 min, and 75oC. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate the characteristics of the BF- g-LMA product. The oil sorption capacity of the graft co-polymer was shown to be about 20.0 g oil/g sorbent.
“…The release of organic hydrocarbon to the sea or land is termed as crude oil spillage. The broadly speaking, global energy sources are categorized into: fossil fuel, nuclear fuel, non-renewable and renewable energy resource, hitherto, crude oil is one of the common and important energy sources for transportation amongst the fossils in the planet [1][2][3]. Oil spill is majorly as result environmental issues associated to exploration, transportation and refining [4][5][6][7].…”
The secondary effect discovery of synthetic sorbents opened another research direction for many field of studies. However, the sorption parameters of lignocellulosic sorbents are rarely reported most importantly, kenaf shive. This paper centered at the sorption behavior of optimized kenaf shive sorbents using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) via surface deposit technique. Five-level Central Composite Design (CCD) experimental matrix was used to analyze the effect of particle sizes 125‒1000μm, stirring time (5–30 min) and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) concentration (5–20% v/v) as individual and combined variables process in the developed sorbents. The unmodified shive was compared with the modified, and it reveals a positive shift in the sorption capability. Instrumental analysis such as FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), DT-TGA (Differential Thermal-Thermogravimetric analysis) and BET (Brunaure-Emmett–Teller) were carried out on the optimized sorbent and the results were in conformity with the sorption results. The sorption behavior deployed fits the pseudo-first-order and Langmuir isotherm with regression coefficient R2=0.9496 and R2=0.9400. The sorption property was found to be spontaneous and exothermic, however, the activation energy studies shows physic-sorption phenomenon with 25.3kJmol−1 and R2=0.9360.
“…3300 cm -1 peak means -OH groups of cellulose and lignin in the composites with untreated wood (UT) and heat-treated wood (HT1 and HT2). 1601 cm -1 and 1043 cm -1 peaks show C=C stretch of hemicellulose and C-O-C and C-O stretch of carbohydrates in cellulose chains (Li et al, 2015;Ha et al, 2016) (Table 3). As a result, the structural properties of all the composites were observed to be similar.…”
The aim of this study was to determine the accelerated weathering and decay resistance of the heattreated wood reinforced polypropylene composites (HT-WPC). Polypropylene (PP) was used as a matrix and the heat-treated wood treated at 180 °C and 220 °C as reinforcement filler. The effect of three filler type, such as 40, 60 and 100 mesh, on the outdoor performance of composites was also investigated. The composites were prepared with twin screw extruder, and the test samples were obtained with compression molding. Lightness index (L*), color changes (ΔE*) and physical changes on the surface of the composites after the accelerated weathering, and decay resistance of the composites were investigated. According to the results, the effects of heat-treated wood on color changes were found to be more than its filler size, and while the filler loadings were increased from 5 % to 20 %, it was determined to increase the color changes of the composites. In scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, crack formation and deterioration on the surface of the composites were determined. In FTIR spectra, no difference was determined between the composites, and all peaks were similar to each one. The addition of heattreated wood improved the antifungal efficiency of the composite, and the mass losses decreased with the increasing of heat treatment temperature. As a result, adding heat-treated wood to PP was found to improve the outdoor performance of the HT-WPCs.
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