Oil Spills and Risk Perceptions

Walker, Ann Hayward

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809413-6.00001-1

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…Walker (37) described several different forms of resilience related to oil spill response activities (Table 2), including formal resilience (also referred to as planned institutional resilience and formal contingency plans), meaning specific “predetermined planning and capabilities” encouraged or implemented through government or private business entities (38, 39), and inherent and adaptive resilience that results from locally-based capacities to cope with disruption (38). In a systematic review of the term “community resilience,” Patel et al (25) distilled nine “core elements” of community resilience from 80 relevant papers: local knowledge, community networks and relationships, communication, health (emphasis added), governance and leadership, economic investment, resources, preparedness, and mental outlook.…”

Section: Disasters and Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Disaster Resilience by Reducing Stress-Associated Health Impacts

Sandifer

Walker²

2018

Front. Public Health

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Disasters are a recurring fact of life, and major incidents can have both immediate and long-lasting negative effects on the health and well-being of people, communities, and economies. A primary goal of many disaster preparedness, response, and recovery plans is to reduce the likelihood and severity of disaster impacts through increased resilience of individuals and communities. Unfortunately, most plans do not address directly major drivers of long-term disaster impacts on humans—that is, acute, chronic, and cumulative stress—and therefore do less to enhance resilience than they could. Stress has been shown to lead to or exacerbate ailments ranging from mental illness, domestic violence, substance abuse, post-traumatic stress disorders, and suicide to cardiovascular disease, respiratory problems, and other infirmities. Individuals, groups, communities, organizations, and social ties are all vulnerable to stress. Based on a targeted review of what we considered to be key literature about disasters, resilience, and disaster-associated stress effects, we recommend eight actions to improve resiliency through inclusion of stress alleviation in disaster planning: (1) Improve existing disaster behavioral and physical health programs to better address, leverage, and coordinate resources for stress reduction, relief, and treatment in disaster planning and response. (2) Emphasize pre- and post-disaster collection of relevant biomarker and other health-related data to provide a baseline of health status against which disaster impacts could be assessed, and continued monitoring of these indicators to evaluate recovery. (3) Enhance capacity of science and public health early-responders. (4) Use natural infrastructure to minimize disaster damage. (5) Expand the geography of disaster response and relief to better incorporate the displacement of affected people. (6) Utilize nature-based treatment to alleviate pre- and post-disaster stress effects on health. (7) Review disaster laws, policies, and regulations to identify opportunities to strengthen public health preparedness and responses including for stress-related impacts, better engage affected communities, and enhance provision of health services. (8) With community participation, develop and institute equitable processes pre-disaster for dealing with damage assessments, litigation, payments, and housing.

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Section: Disasters and Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Disaster Resilience by Reducing Stress-Associated Health Impacts

Sandifer

Walker²

2018

Front. Public Health

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“…water striders, birds, etc.) [7]. Surface oil films present a long-term risk for the entire ecosystem and can spread quickly in a large area over connected waterways [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption and superficial transport of oil on biological and bionic superhydrophobic surfaces: a novel technique for oil–water separation

Barthlott

Moosmann

Noll

et al. 2020

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Superhydrophobicity is a physical feature of surfaces occurring in many organisms and has been applied (e.g. lotus effect) in bionic technical applications. Some aquatic species are able to maintain persistent air layers under water ( Salvinia effect) and thus become increasingly interesting for drag reduction and other ‘bioinspired’ applications. However, another feature of superhydrophobic surfaces, i.e. the adsorption (not absorption) and subsequent superficial transportation and desorption capability for oil, has been neglected. Intense research is currently being carried out on oil-absorbing bulk materials like sponges, focusing on oleophilic surfaces and meshes to build membranes for oil–water separation. This requires an active pumping of oil–water mixtures onto or through the surface. Here, we present a novel passive, self-driven technology to remove oil from water surfaces. The oil is adsorbed onto a superhydrophobic material (e.g. textiles) and transported on its surface. Vertical and horizontal transportation is possible above or below the oil-contaminated water surface. The transfer in a bioinspired novel bionic oil adsorber is described. The oil is transported into a container and thus removed from the surface. Prototypes have proven to be an efficient and environmentally friendly technology to clean oil spills from water without chemicals or external energy supply. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology (part 3)’.

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“…Therefore, the public needs to logically and scientifically understand the response activities performed by the accident response organizations from a social perspective. Public risk perception is a very important factor in a successful oil spill response strategy [10]. Moreover, responding to oil spills requires the participation and joint action of various stakeholders.…”

Section: Policy Agenda To Improve Public Perception Of Oil Spillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The anonymity and closed environment of social network services encourage comfortable and open discussion of personal thoughts, interests, and feelings. Thus, it is possible to understand unfiltered public opinions by utilizing social big data, which can help political decision makers and experts develop more concrete resolutions [10,51]. Second, the government should implement policies that resolve the public's distrust and dissatisfaction with the government's management of oil spill incidents.…”

Section: Policy Agenda To Improve Public Perception Of Oil Spillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Spill Response Policies to Bridge the Perception Gap between the Government and the Public: A Social Big Data Analysis

Chun

Oh²,

Kim

2020

JMSE

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Oil spills cause socioeconomic and ecological damage to the marine environment and local communities. Implementing policies to effectively cope with such incidents is a challenging task due to the negative public perceptions about governmental responses. Using social big data, this study analyzed such negative perceptions in South Korea and the factors influencing them. The findings indicate that the public pays relatively little attention to oil spills but expresses serious concerns about the economic and ecological damage and the health and safety of volunteers and local residents. To improve public perception of oil spills, response strategies should aim to (1) analyze it using social big data to reduce the gap between governmental and public spheres, (2) release timely and accurate information to resolve civil distrust and dissatisfaction, (3) minimize direct damage to local communities and ecosystems affected by oil spills, and (4) reduce the impact on volunteers’ and local residents’ health and safety. Furthermore, through a multidisciplinary approach that combines social big data analysis methods with marine scientific research, it can contribute to creating a disaster response policy tailored to policy consumers.

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Oil Spills and Risk Perceptions

Cited by 11 publications

References 172 publications

Enhancing Disaster Resilience by Reducing Stress-Associated Health Impacts

Enhancing Disaster Resilience by Reducing Stress-Associated Health Impacts

Adsorption and superficial transport of oil on biological and bionic superhydrophobic surfaces: a novel technique for oil–water separation

Oil Spill Response Policies to Bridge the Perception Gap between the Government and the Public: A Social Big Data Analysis

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