Oil Spills in the Arctic

Wright, Sadie K.; Allan, Sarah; Wilkin, Sarah; Ziccardi, Michael H.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87853-5_7

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Oil pollution of marine environments is of global concern, including more remote areas like the Arctic . The Arctic is already experiencing frequent occurrences of small oil spills, and with the projected rise in petroleum extraction and transport, biota will increasingly get exposed to oil. The chosen oil concentration (1 μL L –1 , ∼0.84 ppm) is environmentally realistic in the vicinity of spills .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Furthermore, the Arctic has experienced a few major spills in the past, notably the Exxon Valdez disaster in 1989 releasing more than 41 million liters of crude oil. 17 Oil is a highly complex mixture containing thousands of compounds. The majority are hydrocarbons, but it can also contain considerable amounts of metals and other elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current and future decrease in sea ice coverage will open the Arctic for more anthropogenic activities, such as shipping and exploitation of fossil fuels and minerals. , Since the Arctic holds a substantial amount of oil and gas, extraction and distribution are likely to increase in the future, entailing an elevated risk of oil spills. , Already to date, small oil spills have been common in the Arctic, averaging for instance 85 spills per year in Alaska . Furthermore, the Arctic has experienced a few major spills in the past, notably the Exxon Valdez disaster in 1989 releasing more than 41 million liters of crude oil . Oil is a highly complex mixture containing thousands of compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,16 Already to date, small oil spills have been common in the Arctic, averaging for instance 85 spills per year in Alaska. 17 Furthermore, the Arctic has experienced a few major spills in the past, notably the Exxon Valdez disaster in 1989 releasing more than 41 million liters of crude oil. 17 Oil is a highly complex mixture containing thousands of compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 Crude oil is known to be toxic to a wide range of organisms, through direct contact, ingestion, inhalation, or diffusion through membranes. 17,19 For Arctic invertebrates, reported effects include changes in gene expression and enzymatic activity, feeding, reproduction, development, and mortality. 15 Copepods of the genus Calanus are key components of the Arctic marine food web.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cumulative Impacts of Oil Pollution, Ocean Warming, and Coastal Freshening on the Feeding of Arctic Copepods

Rist,

Rask,

Ntinou

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The Arctic is undergoing rapid changes, and biota are exposed to multiple stressors, including pollution and climate change. Still, little is known about their joint impact. Here, we investigated the cumulative impact of crude oil, warming, and freshening on the copepod species Calanus glacialis and Calanus finmarchicus. Adult females were exposed to ambient conditions (control; 0 °C + 33 psu) and combined warming and freshening: 5 °C + 27 psu (Scenario 1), 5 °C + 20 psu (Scenario 2) for 6 days. All three conditions were tested with and without dispersed crude oil. In Scenario 1, fecal pellet production (FPP) significantly increased by 40–78% and 42–122% for C. glacialis and C. finmarchicus, respectively. In Scenario 2, FPP decreased by 6–57% for C. glacialis, while it fluctuated for C. finmarchicus. For both species, oil had the strongest effect on FPP, leading to a 68–83% reduction. This overshadowed the differences between climatic scenarios. All variables (temperature, salinity, and oil) had significant single effects and several joint effects on FPP. Our results demonstrate that Arctic copepods are sensitive to environmentally realistic concentrations of crude oil and climate change. Strong reductions in feeding can reduce the copepods’ energy content with potential large-scale impacts on the Arctic marine food web.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cumulative Impacts of Oil Pollution, Ocean Warming, and Coastal Freshening on the Feeding of Arctic Copepods

Rist,

Rask,

Ntinou

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification in Arctic Food Webs

Isibor,

Kayode-Edwards,

Imoobe

et al. 2024

Arctic Marine Ecotoxicology

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Features of Oil Spills Monitoring on the Water Surface by the Russian Federation in the Arctic Region

Khalturin

Parfenchik

Shpenst

2023

JMSE

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Given that the recent rapid growth of offshore production, especially in the Arctic region of the Russian Federation, is causing increased concern about oil spills on the water surface, this issue is especially relevant and important today. These pollutants have a devastating impact on the world’s marine biosphere. Therefore, effective and reliable methods and instruments must be used for operational spill detection in order to detect a remote oil spill. Several methods for oil spill monitoring and Russian developments in this area were described, including their features, advantages, and drawbacks. In cases when use in difficult Arctic conditions was anticipated, due to the harsh climate and ice-covered water surface, it was not always possible for spill detection instruments to be utilized. Despite this, such methods as radar, infrared, and ultraviolet were proven to be effective during this research. Ultimately, the combination of these methods returned the greatest volume of information to offshore platform staff about a detected oil spill. The information provided includes the spread area of the spill, the thickness of the leak, and the chemical composition of the oil.

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Oil Spills in the Arctic

Cited by 3 publications

References 93 publications

Cumulative Impacts of Oil Pollution, Ocean Warming, and Coastal Freshening on the Feeding of Arctic Copepods

Cumulative Impacts of Oil Pollution, Ocean Warming, and Coastal Freshening on the Feeding of Arctic Copepods

Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification in Arctic Food Webs

Features of Oil Spills Monitoring on the Water Surface by the Russian Federation in the Arctic Region

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