Oil, violence and international actors: the case of Libya

Insights into corporate social responsibility disclosure among multinational corporations during host‐country political transformations: Evidence from the Libyan oil industry

“…Numerous scholars have examined the influence of political factors on the CSR strategies of MNCs in different global contexts (Beddewela & Fairbrass, 2016; Gulbrandsen & Moe, 2005; Herrmann, 2004; Sanders, 2012), including the specific context of MNCs in Libya (Darendeli & Hill, 2016; Hove, 2017; Martinez, 2014). Among six African oil‐producing nations, namely Libya, Angola, Algeria, Egypt, Nigeria, and Sudan, the proportion of GDP contributed by the extractive industries in each country is closely linked to the prevailing political landscape (The World Bank, 2016).…”

Does political settlements analysis capture the unsettling politics of oil in Africa?

“…Various events have dramatised this largely heterogeneous and interactive landscape of Africa's oil governance more forcefully. From the overt North Atlantic Treaty Organization-led military intervention in Libya (Martinez 2014), through bilateral government engagements that continue to secure the presence of multinational oil companies (like the Ghanaian government's failed attempt to take over the shares of Kosmos Energy in 2009 [US Embassy-Ghana 2010]), to the subtle deployment of the instruments of global finance and norm diffusion, powerful governments, donors and major non-governmental organisations continue to exert significant influence on the industry. Across this largely confounding arena of globalised networks also lies the surreptitious intrusion of transnational and localised criminal networks and elusive sites of tax havens which, as poignantly observed by Shaxson (2011), disrupt or facilitate production networks and condition the scope of distributional outcomes from oil extraction.…”