2006
DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.03.013
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Oil well produced water discharges to the North Sea. Part I: Comparison of deployed mussels (Mytilus edulis), semi-permeable membrane devices, and the DREAM model predictions to estimate the dispersion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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Cited by 92 publications
(45 citation statements)
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References 35 publications
(64 reference statements)
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“…PW generally consists of a mixture of: 1) formation water contained naturally in the reservoir; 2) injected water used for the recovery of oil; and 3) treatment chemicals added during production [19]. Data from offshore oil production platforms in the North Sea have showed that the major aromatic compounds in PW are BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) (97%), 2-and 3-ring PAHs (3%) named NPD (naphthalenes, phenanthrenes and dibenzothiophenes) and larger PAHs (<0.2%) [19,56,57].…”
Section: Produced Water As a Source Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbomentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PW generally consists of a mixture of: 1) formation water contained naturally in the reservoir; 2) injected water used for the recovery of oil; and 3) treatment chemicals added during production [19]. Data from offshore oil production platforms in the North Sea have showed that the major aromatic compounds in PW are BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) (97%), 2-and 3-ring PAHs (3%) named NPD (naphthalenes, phenanthrenes and dibenzothiophenes) and larger PAHs (<0.2%) [19,56,57].…”
Section: Produced Water As a Source Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbomentioning
confidence: 99%
“…En varios países donde la explotación petrolera es de suma importancia económi-ca, la generación de agua es una preocupación debido a los altos costos de su tratamiento y la reincorporación a vertimientos puntuales. Por ejemplo, la descarga de agua de producción en el Mar del Norte (Noruega) alcanzó un volumen anual de cerca de 400 millones de m 3 / año en 2003 (Durell et al, 2006). En Colombia, en el campo de producción de Castilla la Nueva (Meta), la cantidad de agua para el proceso de extracción de petróleo es de aproximadamente 460 000 barriles diarios.…”
unclassified
“…The animals are deployed for 60 days. Sixty days were selected to ensure the organisms had sufficient time to "equilibrate" with their surroundings and across the range of contaminants being monitored (Durell et al 2006). Moreover, the 60-day deployment interval is longer than most laboratory bioaccumulation tests which typically run for 28 days.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The first is that caged mussels "equilibrate" with surrounding water within the 60-day deployment period. As noted above, common understanding among investigators is that 60 days is sufficient for these organisms to adjust to the exposure levels experienced at the deployment sites (ASTM, 2001;Axelman et al, 1999;Baussant et al, 2001;Durell et al 2006;Neff and Burns, 1996;Peven et al 1996;Prest et al, 1992;Salazar and Salazar, 1995). A second assumption is that analytical differences between the programs are minor.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
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