Ökotoxikologische und humantoxikologische Risikobewertung PAK-belasteter Böden vor und nach biologischer Behandlung

Roos, Peter H.; Weissenfels, Walter D.; Afferden, Manfred van; Pfeifer, Frank; Hanstein, Walter G.

doi:10.1007/bf03037787

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…We have shown here and in previous publications (Roos et al 1996(Roos et al , 2000 that ingestion of PAH-contaminated soil particles results in induction of CYP1A1 in the liver indicating successful mobilization and absorption of the contaminants in the gastrointestinal tract. The induction response in the liver correlates well with the amount of PAH with 5 and 6 aromatic rings present in the soils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…In previous papers, we have shown that hepatic CYP1A1 levels are increased upon ingestion of PAHcontaminated soil particles and that the levels correlate well with the amounts of 5-and 6-ring PAH in the soils (Roos et al 1994(Roos et al , 1996(Roos et al , 2000. Soil samples contaminated only with 3-and 4-ring PAH (1800 mg/kg soil) and devoid of higher condensates of PAH did not show significant effects on CYP1A1 expression in the liver after oral uptake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…As shown in Table 2, the PAH composition of the soils differed greatly with respect to general PAH contamination, expressed as the total Diamonds correspond to data from our previous studies (Roos et al 1996(Roos et al , 2000 PAH EPA (60 to 4600 mg/kg soil) and as the percentage of PAH subgroups such as the higher condensates 5-and 6-ring PAH (0.8-29.7%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…CYP1A1 has been used as a biomarker of effect for exposure to PAH in human and animal studies (Vanden Heuvel et al 1993;Roos et al 1994Roos et al , 1996Roos et al , 2000Nims and Lubet 1995;Fouche´court et al 1999). An advantageous property of CYP1A1 as biomarker is its inducibility in many extrahepatic tissues such as intestine, kidney and leukocytes (Goldstein and Linko 1984;Sesardic et al 1990b;Spatzenegger et al 2000), which allows one to trace PAH effects in the whole organism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the intestinal wall, enzymes active in the phase I metabolism of PAH, such as cytochromes P450, can be induced as an adaptive response to contaminant exposure. It has been shown that the oral uptake of soil-bound PAH or of 3,4,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) results in increased levels of the liver microsomal P450 enzyme CYP1A1 and the associated ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity (McConnell et al 1984;Elangbam et al 1991;Roos et al 1996Roos et al , 2000Santostefano et al 1997). The CYP1A1 gene is transcriptionally regulated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential induction of CYP1A1 in duodenum, liver and kidney of rats after oral intake of soil containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Roos

2002

Archives of Toxicology

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We have analyzed the induction of the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP1A1 as a biomarker of effect in duodenum, liver and kidney of rats after oral intake of contaminated soil particles. The soil samples originated from industrial sites and were contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to variable extents, ranging from 60 to 4700 mg PAH/kg soil. Soil samples were administered for one week as a mixture with commercial rodent diets. After exposure, microsomes of several organs were prepared and analyzed for CYP1A1, enzymatically and by Western blots. All contaminated soils led to induction of CYP1A1 in duodenal mucosa cells, regardless of their extent of contamination, showing that relevant doses were mobilized in the gastrointestinal tract and adsorbed. Subsequent distribution of non-metabolized compounds is indicated by induction of CYP1A1 in the liver. However, some samples did not lead to a response in the liver, due to their quantitative and qualitative contaminant composition. In accordance with previous results, there is a sigmoidal dose-response relationship between induction of hepatic CYP1A1 levels and the soil contamination with higher condensates of PAH. In contrast, the response in the duodenum appeared to be hyperbolic and correlated well with the amounts of total PAH. Highly contaminated soil, being nearly devoid of higher condensates of PAH, led to pronounced induction in the duodenum but failed to induce CYP1A1 in the liver. Successful passage of contaminants through the intestinal barrier and the liver compartment is shown by increased CYP1A1 expression in the kidney. Compared with enzyme levels induced in the liver, those of the kidney are much lower and amount to only about 1/20 of the liver values for soils with high induction potential. Hence, oral PAH intake leads to differential induction patterns of CYP1A1 in duodenum, liver and kidney of rats. The observations raise questions concerning the role of the primary duodenal PAH metabolism in preventing contaminant-dependent hazardous effects, and of the significance of differential CYP1A1 expressions for carcinogenic processes in several tissues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Differential induction of CYP1A1 in duodenum, liver and kidney of rats after oral intake of soil containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Roos

2002

Archives of Toxicology

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Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Solubilization of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Residues in Soil Using an In Vitro Physiologically Based Model

Holman

Goth–Goldstein

Aston

et al. 2002

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Petroleum hydrocarbon residues in weathered soils may pose risks to humans through the ingestion pathway. To understand the factors controlling their gastrointestinal (GI) absorption, a newly developed experimental extraction protocol was used to model the GI solubility of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) residues in highly weathered soils from different sites. The GI solubility of TPH residues was significantly higher for soil contaminated with diesel than with crude oil. Compared to the solubility of TPH residues during fasted state,the solubility of TPH residues during fat digestion was much greater. Diesel solubility increased from an average of 8% during the "gallbladder empty" phase of fasting (and less than 0.2% during the otherfasting phase) to an average of 16% during fat digestion. For crude oil, the solubility increased from an average of 1.2% during the gallbladder empty phase of fasting (and undetectable during the other fasting phase) to an average of 4.5% during fat digestion. Increasing the concentration of bile salts also increased GI solubility. GI solubility was reduced by soil organic carbon but enhanced by the TPH content.

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Toxicity testing of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using Lumistox®

Loibner

Szolar

Braun

et al. 2004

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Hazard assessment of industrial sites contaminated with coal tar and its products usually focuses on selected pollutants such as the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) prioritized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The aim of this study was to investigate to which extent these 16 PAHs contribute to the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition measured by the acute Lumistox luminescent bacteria test. Five of the 16 PAHs-naphthalene (NAP), acenaphthylene (ACY), acenaphthene (ACE), fluorene (FLU), and phenanthrene (PHE)-revealed inhibiting effects when measuring saturated aqueous solutions of these compounds. However, in elutriates of PAH-contaminated soils, the amount of leached PAHs was very low, and the 16 PAHs did not considerably contribute to the observed bioluminescence inhibition. Nevertheless, bioluminescence inhibition was higher for elutriates with increased PAH concentration indicating the presence of other toxicants that co-occur with the 16 PAHs. No evidence was observed for increased bioluminescence inhibition due to synergistic effects among PAHs as calculated on the basis of toxic units for an aqueous solution containing all 16 priority PAHs. Data suggest that the U.S. EPA PAHs play only a minor role in causing acute toxicity to V. fischeri when exposed to aqueous elutriates of PAH-contaminated soils.

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Ökotoxikologische und humantoxikologische Risikobewertung PAK-belasteter Böden vor und nach biologischer Behandlung

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Differential induction of CYP1A1 in duodenum, liver and kidney of rats after oral intake of soil containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Differential induction of CYP1A1 in duodenum, liver and kidney of rats after oral intake of soil containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Solubilization of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Residues in Soil Using an In Vitro Physiologically Based Model

Toxicity testing of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using Lumistox®

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