Old age mortality in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia

Gu, Danan; Gerland, Patrick; Andreev, Kirill; Li, Nan; Spoorenberg, Thomas; Heilig, G.K.

doi:10.4054/demres.2013.29.38

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Many scholars describe GBD estimates as a “black box”, which, from a scientific point of view, makes it impossible for anyone to replicate or verify the estimates. The second one is that this study does not incorporate other major risk factors associated with CRD mortality, such as tobacco smoking, air pollution (indoor), and allergens, although we argue that a good understanding of the selected variables is fundamental, as they are important predictors of mortality and health [ 19 – 21 , 25 – 28 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 41 , 45 , 46 ]. Finally, and although we have tried to eliminate all biases, it is important to note that even the most complex statistical models can have limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic respiratory disease mortality and its associated factors in selected Asian countries: evidence from panel error correction model

2021

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Background Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRDs) in Asian countries are a growing concern in terms of morbidity and mortality. However, a systematic understanding of the increasing age-adjusted mortality rate of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) and its associated factors is not readily available for many Asian countries. We aimed to determine country-level factors affecting CRD mortality using a panel error correction model. Methods Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, we estimated the trends and distribution of CRD mortality for selected Asian countries from 2010 to 2017. Furthermore, we evaluated the relationship between CRD mortality and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, average years of schooling, urbanization, and pollutant emission (PM2.5 concentration) using a fixed-effect model. We corrected the estimates for heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation through Prais-Winsten adjustment along with robust standard error. Results Between 2010 and 2017, approximately 21.4 million people died from chronic respiratory diseases in the countries studied. Age-standardized crude mortality rate from CRDs in the period had minimum and maximum values of 8.19 (Singapore in 2016) and 155.42 (North Korea in 2010) per 100,000 population, respectively. The coefficients corrected for autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity based on the final model of our study (Prais-Winsten), showed that all explanatory variables were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The model shows that the 1% increase in GDP per capita results in a 20% increase (0.203) in the CRD mortality rate and that a higher concentration of air pollution is also positively associated with the CRD deaths (0.00869). However, an extra year of schooling reduces the mortality rate by 4.79% (− 0.0479). Further, rate of urbanization is negatively associated with the CRD death rate (− 0.0252). Conclusions Our results indicate that both socioeconomic and environmental factors impact CRD mortality rates. Mortality due to CRD increases with rising GDP per capita and decreases with the percentage of the total population residing in urban areas. Further, mortality increases with greater exposure to PM2.5. Also, higher years of schooling mitigate rising CRD mortality rates, showing that education can act as a safety net against CRD mortality. These results are an outcome of sequential adjustments in the final model specification to correct for heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic respiratory disease mortality and its associated factors in selected Asian countries: evidence from panel error correction model

2021

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“…Our goal is to, raise and examine some research questions regarding the association between socioeconomic factors, measured by GDP per capita, and CVD mortality. Gu et al (2013), studying Southeastern Asia, show that higher GDP per capita is associated with lower mortality rates. They find that the relationship between CVD and GDP tends to reduce once a certain level of GDP is reached.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relation between cardiovascular mortality and development: Study for small areas in Brazil, 2001–2015

Baptista¹,

Queiroz²

2019

DemRes

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BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most serious health issues and the leading cause of death in Brazil, accounting for 30% of all deaths. Previous research shows that CVD mortality rates are not uniformly distributed across Brazil and have been changing over time. There is also previous evidence from other countries that economic development and improvements in the educational level have important effects in reducing CVD mortality. OBJECTIVE The goal of this paper is to contribute to this discussion by investigating the relation between CVD mortality and economic development over time and space, measured by gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, in Brazilian micro-regions from 2001 to 2015. METHODS We used data from the Mortality Information System (SIM-DATASUS) from 2001 to 2015. GDP data by micro-region were extracted from the Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática (SIDRA). Bivariate maps were used to establish the relationship between CVD mortality and GDP per capita. RESULTS The results show that GDP per capita increased in all micro-regions between 2001 and 2015. The results also suggest a rapid decline in CVD mortality in the South and Southeast micro-regions and a slower decline in the Central-West region. Meanwhile, the less developed North and Northeast regions showed an increase in CVD mortality over time. This spatial heterogeneity over the examined period appears to be associated with access to proper healthcare and strongly related to socioeconomic factors. In Baptista & Queiroz: The relation between cardiovascular mortality and development 1438 http://www.demographic-research.org addition, males have higher mortality rates than females in approximately 72% of micro-regions. CONTRIBUTION This study provides useful clues for policymakers establishing public health planning and effective measures for the prevention of deaths from cardiovascular disease. The reduction of CVD mortality can positively impact GDP growth because it can increase life expectancy and consequently enable people to contribute to the Brazilian economy for a longer time.

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“…Gu et al [38], studying Eastern and Southeastern Asia, show that higher GDP per capita is associated with lower mortality rates. In addition, they found that a higher level of GDP per capita is consistently associated with a lower CVD mortality rate and, after a certain level of GDP, this relation tends to become less pronounced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Cardiovascular Mortality and Economic Development: A Spatio-Temporal Study for Prefectures in Japan

Baptista

Kakinuma

Queiroz

2020

IJERPH

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In this paper, we use a bivariate choropleth map to investigate the relationship between mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, by sex, in Japanese prefectures from 1996 to 2015. The overall results show a decline in age-standardized CVD mortality rates in all prefectures, for both men and women, and suggest that GDP per capita has varied over the period. We also observed that the relationship between CVD mortality rates and GDP per capita at the prefecture level does not have an overall pattern of the same or inverse association, but is instead a heterogeneous relationship. We argue that this study provides useful clues to policy makers for establishing effective measures for public health planning and the prevention of deaths from CVD. As demonstrated by this study, mapping of the CVD burden in Japan helps to clarify regional differences in life expectancy and health status across regions and identify prefectures where more targeted policy attention may be needed.

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Old age mortality in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

Chronic respiratory disease mortality and its associated factors in selected Asian countries: evidence from panel error correction model

Chronic respiratory disease mortality and its associated factors in selected Asian countries: evidence from panel error correction model

The relation between cardiovascular mortality and development: Study for small areas in Brazil, 2001–2015

Association between Cardiovascular Mortality and Economic Development: A Spatio-Temporal Study for Prefectures in Japan

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