Old method not old-fashioned: parallelism between wing venation and wing-pad tracheation of cockroaches and a revision of terminology

Li, Xinran; Zheng, Yuhong; Wang, Chenchen; Wang, Zongqing

doi:10.1007/s00435-018-0419-6

Cited by 50 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Our results support Snodgrass (), Emeljanov (), Brodsky () and Li et al . () regarding the existence of a PCu vein, independent of the cubital and anal veins. These three veins emerge from three independent bullae.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Snodgrass (), Emeljanov (), Brodsky () and Li et al . (), who all recognized a PCu vein, based their results on alleged correspondences between the courses of the tracheae ‘Cu’, ‘PCu’ and ‘A’ in the nymphal wing pads and in adult wings, being basally well separated in many insects. Because counter‐examples of such correspondences have been demonstrated (Fraser, ; Smart, ; Whitten, ; Wootton, ), this criterion is insufficient to accurately establish the existence of the PCu vein.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many criteria have been used to identify and postulate homology hypotheses on insect wing veins: the relative positions of veins, their polarities (convexity vs concavity), the potential correspondence between the courses of tracheae (air transport) and veins (haemolymph transport), or the structures of the extreme wing bases (see the discussion on the interests and limits of these criteria in Desutter-Grandcolas et al, 2017). Snodgrass (1935), Emeljanov (1977), Brodsky (1994) and Li et al (2018), who all recognized a PCu vein, based their results on alleged correspondences between the courses of the tracheae 'Cu', 'PCu' and 'A' in the nymphal wing pads and in adult wings, being basally well separated in many insects. Because counter-examples of such correspondences have been demonstrated (Fraser, 1938;Smart, 1956;Whitten, 1962;Wootton, 1992), this criterion is insufficient to accurately establish the existence of the PCu vein.…”

Section: Criteria For Venation Homologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emeljanov (1977) and Brodsky (1994) thought that the PCu is a simple vein, posterior to CuP, in all insects. Li et al (2018) stated that the anal veins of Comstock & Needham should be interpreted as two independent main veins, their PCu and 'vannal' veins, on the basis of a supposed correspondence between the trachea and the veins in Blattodea. In fact, in many neopteran orders, the PCu vein is forked, with its anterior branch appressed or partly fused to the CuP [e.g.…”

Section: The Pcu Vein and Its Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was followed incidentally for Trichoptera and Lepidoptera (Ivanov, , ), more frequently for Hemiptera (e.g. Franielczyk‐Pietyra & Wegierek, ), and very recently for Blattodea (Li et al ., ). The PCu vein corresponds to the anterior anal vein (AA) of Kukalová‐Peck () and to the first anal branch of Comstock (), as already noticed by Séguy (: 50) (Table ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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To be or not to be: postcubital vein in insects revealed by microtomography

Schubnel

Desutter‐Grandcolas

Legendre

et al. 2019

Systematic Entomology

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To better understand insect evolution, fossils – mainly known by their wings – must be used as terminals in phylogenetic analyses. Such analyses are, however, rarely performed because of a lack of consensus on the homology of venation in insects. Researchers do not agree with the current concept on the exact number and identity of the main veins. Here, we confirm the presence, which has been in question since the early 20th century, of an independent main postcubital vein (PCu vein) between the cubital and anal veins (29 fossil and extant examined orders; > 85% of observed insects). The PCu vein corresponds to the so‐called vein 1A or first anal vein. It is easily identified by the unique shape of its bulla. It may have several branches and be partially fused with the cubital and anal veins. Once the PCu vein was identified, we reconsidered as an example the particular case of the Phasmatodea, showing that extant stick insects have a unique venation among insects, with a reduced median vein and a simple cubital vein adjacent or fused to the PCu vein. This study is a new approach towards resolving wing vein homology issues, crucial for future large‐scale phylogenetic analyses in insects combining extant and extinct taxa.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%