Older Adults Hospitalized for Pneumonia in the United States: Incidence, Epidemiology, and Outcomes

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To define the current incidence, epidemiology, and mortality of older adult patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Louisville, KY and thus estimate the burden of CAP in the older adult population of the United States. To define risk factors associated with early and late outcomes. DESIGN: This was a secondary analysis of older adults (aged ≥65 years) from the University of Louisville Pneumonia Study, a prospective population-based cohort study of all hospitalized adults with CAP between June 1, 2014, and May 31, 2016. SETTING: The study took place in all nine acute care hospitals for adults in Louisville, KY. PARTICIPANTS: Residents in the city of Louisville, KY, who were diagnosed with CAP between the inclusion dates were included and who were aged 65 years or older. MEASUREMENTS: Incidence of CAP and outcomes were measured. A total of nine risk factors were also assessed for any potential association with time to clinical stability, length of stay (LOS), and mortality. RESULTS: During the 2-year study, from a Louisville population of 102 264 adults aged 65 years or older, 4760 were hospitalized with CAP. The incidence of older adults hospitalized with CAP was 2093 per 100 000 population. This corresponds to 967 470 older adults in the United States hospitalized per year with CAP. The median time to clinical stability was 2 days, and the median LOS was 6 days. The 30-day allcause mortality was 17%. The 1-year all-cause mortality was 38% (829 patients), which corresponds to 361 982 deaths in the United States with CAP in older adults. CONCLUSION: The estimated burden of CAP in older adults is substantial in the United States. Nearly 1 million older adults are hospitalized for CAP, and over a third of those die within 1 year.

Prevalence, Demographic, Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Elderly Patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia Admitted in a Tertiary Medical Center: A Retrospective Cohort Study

“…Given that majority of elderly patients have multiple co-morbidities that increases their risk for pneumonia, this study showed that most of elderly admitted have diabetes, renal disease, heart failure as well as pulmonary tuberculosis and hypertension similar to other studies [4,12,14,19,[21][22][23]. Among numerous underlying conditions evaluated, the study showed that renal disease has an increased risk for mortality among elderly with community acquired pneumonia.…”

Variation in Acute Care Rehabilitation and 30-Day Hospital Readmission or Mortality in Adult Patients With Pneumonia

“…1 , 2 Nearly 1 million older adults are hospitalized each year for community-acquired pneumonia, and more than one-third die within a year. 3 Pneumonia is also a common reason for hospital readmission, particularly among older adults, who often experience a functional decline during the index admission. 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 Studies have identified an inverse association between functional status and risk of hospital readmission.…”

Burden of infections on older patients presenting to general practice: a registry-based study

“…Most studies are performed in hospitals, which are based on a selected population. (8)(9)(10) Estimates on the incidence rates of infections are needed to assess the burden of disease in the community. This knowledge can serve as an information base for adapting health service delivery to an aging population.…”