Older Adults Looking for a Job through Employment Support System in Tokyo

Minami, Ushio; Suzuki, Hiroyuki; Kuraoka, Masataka; Kitahara, Takashi; Kobayashi, Erika; Fujiwara, Yoshinori

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159713

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Since then, systems of elderly employment and pension have drastically changed, and the public nursing-care insurance system has been introduced, so elderly people’s work environment and self-care may differ greatly between the time the former study was conducted in 1991 and our study was conducted in 2014. In a recent study [ 30 ], the researchers examined elderly people who visited local employment support center to find out the reasons each gender were looking for jobs. A significant number of females answered that they were looking for work for their well-being or SP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and gender differences in the association between social participation and instrumental activities of daily living among community-dwelling elderly

2017

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BackgroundAlthough many studies have suggested social participation (SP) has beneficial effects on elderly people’s health, most of them failed to deal with paid work. Additionally, few studies have focused on the age effect between SP and older people’s health. To investigate whether the association between SP, including paid work, and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), exhibits not only in gender, but also in age among community-dwelling older adults.MethodsIn 2014, we distributed self-administered questionnaires to all community-dwelling elderly aged ≥65 in two medium-sized cities in Nara Prefecture, Japan (n = 32,825). 22,845 residents submitted the questionnaire (response rate, 69.6%). Analyzed subjects were limited to 17,680 persons who had neither dependency in basic ADL nor missing data for required items. SP was assessed based on participation frequency in seven types of social activities: volunteer groups, sports groups, hobby groups, cultural groups, senior citizens’ clubs, neighborhood community associations, and paid work. Using Poisson regression models, prevalence ratio for poor IADL was calculated. To examine age and gender differences in the association between SP and IADL, we performed stratified analyses by age and gender group; male young-old (aged 65–74), male old-old (aged ≥75), female young-old, and female old-old.ResultsPrevalence of those with poor IADL was 17.1% in males and 4.5% in females, showing a significant gender difference. After adjustment for relevant covariates, volunteer groups were inversely associated with poor IADL only in males and the relationship was stronger in the old-old group than in the young-old group. Conversely, only females had a significant inverse association between paid work and poor IADL, and the association was not reliant on their ages but only those who participated infrequently had a favorable effect. Influence of age in the beneficial association between SP and IADL was generally larger in the old-old group than in the young-old group, but hobby groups were inversely associated with poor IADL, regardless of age, gender, and frequency.ConclusionsOur results suggest that SP in older age is positively associated with IADL, however, the association seems to differ depending on the type of activities participated in, the participants’ gender, and their age.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12877-017-0491-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and gender differences in the association between social participation and instrumental activities of daily living among community-dwelling elderly

2017

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“…Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association of working time and industry type with disability incidence, adjusting for potential confounding factors. Previous studies have shown that age and sex interact with work status and health outcomes [6,8,19,27,30,32,37]. Therefore, a Cox regression analysis was used to confirm the interaction term between age, sex, and working hours or industry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether working time and industry type affect the incidence of disability in older adults. In Japan, it is clear that employment rates differ between males and females and that the purpose of joining the workforce is different [19]. Furthermore, older age increases the risk of developing diseases due to long working hours [14,15].…”

Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Working has a core role in "productive aging," where the older population is not seen as a "burden" but can be engaged in activities that economically and socially contribute to society [9,20]. Working in later years contributes to maintaining cognitive function, mental health, and physical function [8,19,23,24,27], through which disability development may be prevented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of working time and industry type on disability incidence among older Japanese adults

Shimoda,

Tomida,

Nakajima

et al. 2024

Discov Public Health

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Purpose Working influences health; however, there is still insufficient exploration on how the two are associated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether working time/week and industry type affect disability incidence in older adults. Methods In this study, we included data from 4679 participants aged ≥ 65 years. Working time/week and industry types were divided into < 20, 20–40, and > 40 h/week, and primary, secondary, and tertiary categories. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the association between working hours and industry type with disability incidence. Results After a median of 83 months, 836 (17.9%) experienced a disability. The effects of working hours and industry type on disability incidence were found to be associated with age and sex. Individuals who were 74 years and younger and who worked for 20–40 h/week had a lower risk of disability incidence compared with non-workers (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.27–0.99); however, there was no statistically significant difference in those 75 years and older. Females and individuals aged 74 years and younger who worked in teriary industries has a lower risk of disability incidence compared with non-workers (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.35–0.82: HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.35–0.81); however, no statistically significant difference was found in males or those 75 years and older. Conclusions Short working hours and tertiary industry employment were associated with a lower risk of developing disability, especially in females and those under 74 years. Paid work promotes physical health, but it is important to consider work hours and type of industry when choosing employment.

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“…Improving gender inequality is considered to be achieved by establishing a societally valued "traditionally masculine" roles and liberating them from societally devalued "traditional feminine" roles such as "housework" [56][57][58][59][60]. However, in Japan, it is well known supporting social capital for child-raising has been vulnerable for mothers who wish to prioritize parenting or aspire to balance child-raising and employment in Japan [57,61,62]. Therefore, when parents engage in work that is incompatible with childcare, alternate arrangements for care of their children must be made, leading to increased stress among mothers [63,64].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Suicidal Mortality and Motives among Working-Ages Individuals in Japan during 2007–2022

Matsumoto,

Motomura,

Onitsuka

et al. 2023

EJIHPE

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Suicides in Japan consistently decreased from 2009–2019, but increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. To identify causes of increasing suicides, age-dependent and temporal fluctuations of suicide mortality rate per 100,000 (SMRP) in working-age generations (20–59 years) disaggregated by suicidal motives (7-categories; 52-subcategories) and sex from 2007 to 2022, were analyzed by analysis of variance and joinpoint regression, respectively, using the government suicide database “Suicide Statistics”. The SMRP of 20–29 year-old males and 20–49 year-old females began to increase in the late 2010s. SMRPs of these high-risk groups for suicides caused by depression (the leading suicidal motive for all groups) began increasing in the late 2010s. Economic-related, employment-related, and romance-related problems contributed to the increasing SMRPs in 20–29 males in the late 2010s. Romance-related and family-related problems contributed to the increasing SMRPs of 20–29 females in the late 2010s. Increasing SMRPs caused by child-raising stress in 20–39 year-old females from the late 2010s was a remarkable finding. In contrast, SMRPs of 30–59 year-old males consistently decreased until 2021; however, in these groups, SMRPs for suicides caused by various motives sharply increased in 2022. The consistent increase in SMRPs of high-risk groups from the late 2010s to the pandemic suggest recent socioeconomic and psychosocial problems in Japan possibly contributed to the increasing SMRPs in these high-risk groups independently of pandemic-associated factors, whereas the SMRPs of males of 30–59 years were probably associated with the ending of the pandemic rather than pandemic-associated factors.

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Older Adults Looking for a Job through Employment Support System in Tokyo

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Age and gender differences in the association between social participation and instrumental activities of daily living among community-dwelling elderly

Age and gender differences in the association between social participation and instrumental activities of daily living among community-dwelling elderly

Impact of working time and industry type on disability incidence among older Japanese adults

Trends in Suicidal Mortality and Motives among Working-Ages Individuals in Japan during 2007–2022

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