Older drivers' self-regulation: Discrepancy reduction or region of proximal learning?

Moták, Ladislav; Huet, Nathalie; Gabaude, Catherine; Bougeant, Jean-Claude

doi:10.1037/a0028650

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Age differences in driving measures are attributed to compensatory processes due to cognitive decline. 4,5,8 Persons with dementia and cognitive impairment show reduced performance on longitudinal and lateral control measures of simulated driving [9][10][11] and are more likely to fail an on-road test than healthy controls. 12 Physical and cognitive distraction affects a number of driving measures in simulated driving 5,[13][14][15][16][17] (also see review by Papantoniou et al 18 ), and is negatively associated with driver age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of accidents in people with mild cognitive impairment, mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls in simulated driving

Economou

Pavlou

Beratis

et al. 2020

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objectives: To examine the driving variables that predict accident probability in mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy older control drivers in simulated driving. To compare the three groups in mean performance and in frequency of scores exceeding 1.5 SD from the mean. Methods/Design: Participants were 37 drivers with MCI, 16 drivers with AD, and 21 control drivers over the age of 52. Driving measures were derived from four rural driving conditions: moderate traffic without and with distraction and high traffic without and with distraction. The measures were z-transformed based on the performance of 90 control drivers of different ages. Two unexpected incidents occurred per condition, requiring the sudden breaking to avoid an accident. Results: Drivers with AD showed significantly lower average speed, speed variability, greater headway distance, headway variability and average reaction time (RT) than control drivers. Drivers with MCI showed significantly lower average speed, greater headway distance and average RT than control drivers in the two conditions of distraction. No differences were found in accident probability. Drivers with AD had more deviant scores than both control drivers and drivers with MCI in most comparisons. Predictors of accident probability were average RT, speed variability and lateral position variability but MCI and AD status were not significant predictors in any of the regression models. Conclusions: Despite significant differences in performance, drivers with MCI and AD did not differ in accident probability from control drivers. An individualized approach of examining individual driving performance is recommended.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of accidents in people with mild cognitive impairment, mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls in simulated driving

Economou

Pavlou

Beratis

et al. 2020

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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“…They also behaved like older individuals (Dunlosky & Connor, 1997), who focus their learning time on easy items because of their memory decline. We can therefore assume that OSA patients adjust the way they self-regulate to match their current cognitive abilities, in much the same way as older people do (e.g., Dunlosky & Connor, 1997;Motak, Huet, Gabaude, & Bougeant, 2012). Given the decline in their cognitive resources and/or their increased level of sleepiness (Verstraeten, Cluydts, Pevernagie, & Hoffmann, 2004), it is possible that the OSA patients wanted to consolidate those items they could be relatively sure of mastering for the test without too much effort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory monitoring and memory control in patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome

Daurat¹,

Huet²,

Tiberge³

2013

Memory

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Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome exhibit memory deficit. The present study looked at whether this deficit is related to impaired memory monitoring and/or memory control. Here 25 patients and 26 healthy controls performed a paired-associate learning task. After participants had made a judgement of learning for each pair and performed an initial recall test they were free to restudy any items they wished, for as long or little as they wished, within a 5-minute period. They then performed a second recall test. Monitoring and control processes were assessed on the basis of judgements of learning, item selection, and study-time allocation. In spite of their memory impairment, patients accurately predicted their recall. For the restudy phase patients preferentially selected the judged-easy items, while controls selected the judged-difficult items. However, all the participants allocated more restudy time to the judged-difficult items than to the judged-easy ones. There were no significant correlations between memory performance, metamemory processes, and clinical measures (i.e., subjective sleepiness, subjective sleep quality, anxiety, and depression scores). Results suggested that both memory monitoring and memory control were preserved in our sample of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.

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“…In addition, there are behavioral data supporting the assumption that healthy older drivers are able to engage in successful self-regulation. For instance, older drivers appear to: (i) overtake less than their younger counterparts when driving on a multilane highway [17]; (ii) postpone distracting activities when approaching left/right turns [18]; and also (iii) avoid difficult driving situations more than their younger counterparts in simulated driving [19]. Finally, it has been concluded that older drivers exhibit self-regulatory patterns, on the basis of safety-related data indicating that healthy older drivers do not necessarily have an overly-increased risk of accident as compared to other populations of drivers [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study in simulated driving settings [19], older drivers drove in four circuits of increasing difficulty (combining, progressively, left turns, high-density traffic and restricted visibility conditions) and were then given a limited amount of time to train for a fictitious driving test. During this self-paced training, older drivers have been found to behave in a strategically-adapted manner given that they concentrated on the two easiest circuits where they certainly might enhance their performance before the oncoming driving test, while younger drivers concentrated rather on the two most difficult circuits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the study described below that follows [19], two groups of older drivers had to complete four increasingly difficult driving circuits in a driving simulator and were then given a limited amount of time to train for a fictitious test. Provided they were able to do so (e.g., [51]), drivers were expected to allocate their training time selectively on the basis of the circuits’ difficulty [51,53].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing Older Drivers’ Safety: On Effects Induced by Stereotype Threat to Older Adults’ Driving Performance, Working Memory and Self-Regulation

et al. 2016

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In a study concerned with driving behaviors of older drivers (mean age 70 years) in a driving simulator, our findings indicate that telling older drivers that they are more at risk of accidents because of their age and their driving performance-related decline (i.e., exposing them to a stereotype threat concerning older drivers) severely impairs their self-regulatory skills. Moreover, our results show that this is at least partly due to exhaustion of the executive resources (older drivers under stereotype threat tended to contradict the stereotype of being slow by driving faster), appearing also through working memory overload (older drivers under stereotype threat performed markedly less well in a modular arithmetic task than drivers in the control condition). We thus complete the existing evidence that older drivers’ performance may be affected by socially-grounded factors, suggesting that simply being investigated may be enough to tax many capabilities in older people. We also propose that stereotype threat might be at least a partial explanation for why older drivers sometimes have poorer self-regulation performances after attending rehabilitation programs designed to make older drivers safer ones.

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Older drivers' self-regulation: Discrepancy reduction or region of proximal learning?

Cited by 5 publications

References 53 publications

Predictors of accidents in people with mild cognitive impairment, mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls in simulated driving

Predictors of accidents in people with mild cognitive impairment, mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls in simulated driving

Memory monitoring and memory control in patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome

Enhancing Older Drivers’ Safety: On Effects Induced by Stereotype Threat to Older Adults’ Driving Performance, Working Memory and Self-Regulation

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