Ricinoleic acid grafted amphiphilic carboxymethy chitosan (CMC-g-RA) was synthetised as a carrier to load botanical drug rotenone (Rot). Then Rot/CMC-g-RA water dispersion in nanoscale was prepared, whose shape, zeta potential, loading efficiency and outdoor stability were characterized accordingly. The results indicated that the sizes, polydispersity index, zeta potential of Rot/CMC-g-RA particles were affected by concentrations of this water dispersion. When the ratio of carrier to drug ascended, the water dispersion had monodisperse nanoparticle sizes with negative charge on nanoparticle surface. And the water dispersion restrained Rot degradation in natural environment with higher loading efficiency.