Oleuropein induces mitochondrial biogenesis and decreases reactive oxygen species generation in cultured avian muscle cells, possibly via an up‐regulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator‐1α

Abstract

It has been shown that oleuropein, a phenolic compound in the fruit and leaves of the olive tree (Olea europaea) induces mammalian uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression via an increased secretion of noradrenaline and adrenaline. This study investigated the effects of oleuropein on avian UCP (avUCP) expression as well as genes related to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and biogenesis in cultured avian muscle cells, together with reactive oxygen species generation. Oleuropein induced avUCP as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and ATP5a1 (a component of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthase) gene expression and cytochrome c oxidase activity, indicating the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) gene expression was also up-regulated by this compound, which could contribute to an increase in PGC-1α activity. Oleuropein suppressed the level of superoxide generation per mitochondrion, possibly via the up-regulation of avUCP and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) expression. Based on these findings, this study is the first to show that oleuropein may induce avUCP expression in avian muscle cells independent of the catecholamines, in which PGC-1α may be involved.

Oleuropein Prevents Neuronal Death, Mitigates Mitochondrial Superoxide Production and Modulates Autophagy in a Dopaminergic Cellular Model

“…It is realistic to speculate that physiologically plausible picomolar concentrations of OLE as tested in this study, may be sufficient to activate adaptive responses and favor protein homeostasis by activating complex yet intriguing vitagene pathways [66,67]. Interestingly, recent data report that OLE can induce mitochodrial biogenesis as well as activate the cellular anti-oxidant defense system in avian muscle cells [68]; thus sustaining its potential beneficial effects in neurodegenerative disease where the balance between oxidant and anti-oxidant systems is compromised.…”

Therapeutic Effects of Olive and Its Derivatives on Osteoarthritis: From Bench to Bedside

“…Furthermore, hydroxytyrosol was previously shown to improve mitochondrial respiration and reduce oxidative stress in the brain of db/db mice via AMPK activation [ 85 ]. Tyrosol and oleuropein were reported to decrease oxidative damage in cultured cells [ 86 , 87 ] and in a rat model of myocardial ischemia, by upregulating the expression of SIRT-1 and its nuclear translocation [ 88 ]. A recent study also reported that daily extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) intake for six months improved synaptic integrity, with lower insoluble protein aggregation, via autophagy activation, in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease [ 89 ].…”

Oleuropein Aglycone Peracetylated (3,4-DHPEA-EA(P)) Attenuates H2O2-mediated Cytotoxicity in C2C12 Myocytes Via Inactivation of p-JNK/p-c-Jun Signaling Pathway

“…In particular, the treatment with hydroxytyrosol (HT) increases creatine kinase activity and myosin heavy chain expression, which are indicators of muscle cell differentiation and contraction strength, respectively [48,49]. Moreover, oleuropein derivatives reduced the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced downregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1α), mitochondrial complexes (I and II) and myogenin expression [50]. These data indicated that oleuropein improves the mitochondrial development and function in muscle cells under inflammatory stress.…”