Olfaction, ability to identify particular olfactory clusters and odors, and physical performance in community-dwelling older adults: The Yanai Study

Kose, Yujiro; Hatamoto, Yoichi; Tomiga, Rie; Kimuro, Yukari; Aoyagi, Ryo; Kawasaki, Hiromu; Komiyama, Tokutaro; Ichikawa, Mamiko; Fujiyama, Katsutoyo; Murata, Yoshiro; Ikenaga, Masahiro; Higaki, Yasuki

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2022.111793

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In an analysis of 163 older adults from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, olfactory function tested by the 16-item Sniffin’ Sticks was associated with mobility, as measured by usual and fast walking speed and 400-m walking time . In another study of 130 older adults in Japan, the performance of a star-shaped walking test was associated with the ability to identify sweet odors, including perfume, rose, Japanese oranges, and condensed milk, but not with the overall olfaction score . Finally, a small study of 44 community-dwelling older adults reported null findings on olfaction and physical performance measures, including walking speed .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…18 In another study of 130 older adults in Japan, the performance of a star-shaped walking test was associated with the ability to identify sweet odors, including perfume, rose, Japanese oranges, and condensed milk, but not with the overall olfaction score. 19 Finally, a small study of 44 community-dwelling older adults reported null findings on olfaction and physical performance measures, including walking speed. 20 We recently reported associations of poor olfaction with performance measures of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in the Health ABC Study, 13 including findings on the SPPB subscale of 6-m usual walking speed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Health ABC study is substantially larger than the other 3 studies . Further, we conducted thorough statistical analyses with walking tasks of increasing challenge levels and examined the associations cross-sectionally and longitudinally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 The Health ABC study is substantially larger than the other 3 studies. [18][19][20] Further, we conducted thorough statistical analyses with walking tasks of increasing challenge levels and ex-amined the associations cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Compared with the 6-m walking test as part of the SPPB, 13 walking tasks in the current analysis better measure mobility with less concern about ceiling effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While both may serve as markers of biological aging and age acceleration, poor olfaction may accelerate the age-related decline in mobility in older adults. To our knowledge, only a few crosssectional studies [18][19][20] have examined the association of olfaction with mobility in older adults, with inconsistent results. In this article, we report findings from what is to our knowledge the first longitudinal analysis assessing the association of poor olfaction with changes in mobility as measured by walking speed and endurance over a 7-year period in a large, multiracial, community-based cohort of older adults.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Olfaction and Mobility in Older Adults

Yuan,

Chamberlin,

et al. 2024

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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ImportanceDecreased mobility is a hallmark of aging. Olfactory dysfunction is common in older adults and may be associated with declines in mobility.ObjectiveTo determine whether poor olfaction was associated with faster declines in mobility in older adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included 2500 participants from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Participants completed the Brief Smell Identification Test during the year 3 clinical visit (1999-2000) and were followed for up to 7 years. A data analysis was conducted between January and July 2023.ExposuresOlfaction was defined as good (test score, 11-12), moderate (9-10), hyposmia (7-8), or anosmia (0-6).Main Outcomes and MeasuresMobility was measured using the 20-m usual and fast walking tests in clinical visit years 3 to 6, 8, and 10 and the 400-m fast walking test in years 4, 6, 8, and 10.ResultsThe primary analyses included 2500 participants (1292 women [51.7%]; 1208 men [48.3%]; 960 Black [38.4%] and 1540 White [61.6%] individuals; mean [SD] age, 75.6 [2.8] years). Multivariate-adjusted analyses showed that poor olfaction was associated with slower walking speed at baseline and a faster decline over time. Taking the 20-m usual walking test as an example, compared with participants with good olfaction, the speed at baseline was 0.027 (95% CI, 0-0.053) m/s slower for those with hyposmia and 0.034 (95% CI, 0.005-0.062) m/s slower for those with anosmia. Longitudinally, the annual decline was 0.004 (95% CI, 0.002-0.007) m/s/year faster for those with hyposmia and 0.01 (95% CI, 0.007-0.013) m/s/year faster for those with anosmia. Similar results were obtained for the 20-m and 400-m fast walking tests. Further, compared with participants with good olfaction, the odds of being unable to do the 400-m test were 2.02 (95% CI, 1.17-3.48) times higher for those with anosmia at the year 8 visit and 2.73 (95% CI, 1.40-5.35) times higher at year 10. Multiple sensitivity and subgroup analyses supported the robustness and generalizability of the findings.Conclusion and RelevanceThe results of this cohort study suggest that poor olfaction is associated with a faster decline in mobility in older adults. Future studies should investigate underlying mechanisms and potential health implications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%