Olfactory acuity based on Brief Smell Identification Test (BSITⓇ) in migraine patients with and without aura: A cross-sectional, controlled study

Kandemir, Süheyla; Pamuk, Ahmet Erim; Habipoğlu, Yasin; Özel, Gökçe; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Kılıç, Rahmi

doi:10.1016/j.anl.2021.11.014

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…MWA had a lower olfactory detection ability. In line with this, in a larger population, migraine patients have higher olfactory perception thresholds [ 59 ], MWA present a lower olfactory sensitivity compared to MWoA, but a better odor discrimination [ 60 ] and a similar identification ability [ 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Migraine with aura: less control over pain and fragrances?

et al. 2023

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Background Accumulating data emphasizes the importance of olfaction in migraine pathophysiology. However, there are only a few studies evaluating how the migraine brain processes olfactory stimulation, and virtually no studies comparing patients with and without aura in this context. Methods This cross-sectional study recorded event-related potentials from 64 electrodes during a pure olfactory or pure trigeminal stimulus in females with episodic migraine with aura (n = 13) and without aura (n = 15), to characterize the central nervous processing of these intranasal stimuli. Patients were tested in interictal state only. Data were analyzed in the time domain and in the time–frequency domain. Source reconstruction analysis was also performed. Results Patients with aura had higher event-related potentials amplitudes for left-sided trigeminal and left-sided olfactory stimulations, and higher neural activity for right-sided trigeminal stimulation in brain areas related to trigeminal and visual processing. Following olfactory stimulations patients with aura displayed decreased neural activity in secondary olfactory structures compared to patients without aura. Oscillations in the low frequency bands (< 8 Hz) differed between patient groups. Conclusions Altogether this may reflect hypersensitivity to nociceptive stimuli in patients with aura relative to patients without aura. Patients with aura have a bigger deficit in engaging secondary olfactory-related structures, possibly leading to distorted attention and judgements towards odors. The cerebral overlap between trigeminal nociception and olfaction might explain these deficits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Migraine with aura: less control over pain and fragrances?

et al. 2023

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“…Mi + reported distorted perception: altered perception of body size, altered perception of body weight, altered perception of body position in space. Others: out-of-body experience, doppelganger phenomenon, synesthesia N/A N/A Kandemir et al [ 48 ] MA+: n = 30, 34 ± 8, 13%; MA−: n = 30, 32 ± 8, 27%; HC: n = 30, 32 ± 7, 20% N/A N/A N/A 77% MA + and 60% MA − reported osmophobia; perfume and cleaning products were the most common offensive odours during or between Mi attacks Karli et al [ 15 ] n = 96 ( n = 23 MA +, n = 33 MA −, n = 31 episodic tension-type headache (ETTH); n = 9 Aura without headache (A + H-)); MA + = 40 ± 11, MA− = 37 ± 10, ETTH = 35 ± 10, A + H− = 35 ± 10; MA + = 9%, MA− = 3%, ETTH = 23%, A + H− = 0% 44% of MA + had photopsia as VA; 33% of MA − also experienced photopsia before or during headache, but the symptom lasted < 5 min. 47% of MA + had fortification spectra.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisensory hallucinations and other unusual sensory experiences in the context of migraine: a systematic review

Li,

Yolland,

Rossell

et al. 2024

J Neurol

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Objective and background Visual auras in migraine have been extensively studied, but less is known about multisensory hallucinations or other unusual sensory experiences, including whether these should be diagnostically considered as part of aura symptoms. The current study aimed to conduct a systematic review and synthesis to bring together existing empirical evidence on these non-visual perceptual experiences, focusing on their phenomenological descriptions and clinical correlates. Methods Forty-eight relevant studies were included based on a systematic search across PsycINFO APA and Web of Science, for peer-reviewed publications in the English language, from 1980 to the present. These comprised a mix of case reports/series (n = 19) and group design studies (n = 29). Results Reports of complex multisensory hallucinations, beyond typical established aura symptoms, were numerous and varied in nature. Yet there were limited data on how this related to patient distress and functional interference. Other sensory distortions or hypersensitivities across non-visual domains were also evident, and generally more common in those with established aura symptoms. Conclusion Our findings provide preliminary evidence that multisensory hallucinations and other unusual perceptual experiences in migraine are likely more common than previously believed. Further investigations are needed to appropriately account for these symptoms within current nosological systems. Increased clinician–patient awareness is important for managing distress (where necessary), and potentially for offering a holistic therapeutic approach to migraine management.

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“…It is interesting to note that we did not observe a reduction of olfactory function in several other conditions that are typically thought to be associated with a reduction of olfactory function. This includes a history of surgery for nasal polyposis ( Qureshi and Lane 2023 ), kidney disease including kidney failure ( Frasnelli et al 2002 ), diabetes ( Faour et al 2022 ), epilepsy ( Khurshid et al 2019 ), and migraine ( Kandemir et al 2022 ). Similarly, self-reported exposure to a variety of relatively common potential toxins such as detergents, exhausts, wood dust, pesticides, and others was also not associated with a reduction of odor identification abilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing olfactory function in an adult general population sample: the CHRIS study

Gögele,

Emmert,

Fuchsberger

et al. 2024

Chemical Senses

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The sense of smell allows for the assessment of the chemical composition of volatiles in our environment. Different factors are associated with reduced olfactory function, including age, sex, as well as health and lifestyle conditions. However, most studies that aimed at identifying the variables that drive olfactory function in the population suffered from methodological weaknesses differences in study designs and participant selection, such as the inclusion of convenience sample or only of certain age groups, or recruitment biases. We aimed to overcome these issues by investigating the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) cohort, a population-based cohort, by using a validated odor identification test. Specifically, we hypothesized that a series of medical, demographic and lifestyle variables is associated with odor identification abilities. In addition, our goal was to provide clinicians and researchers with normative values for the Sniffin’Sticks identification set, after exclusion of individuals with impaired nasal patency. We included 6944 participants without acute nasal obstruction and assessed several biological, social, and medical parameters. A basic model determined that age, sex, years of education, and smoking status together explained roughly 13% of the total variance in the data. We further observed that variables related to medical (positive screening for cognitive impairment and for Parkinson’s disease, history of skull fracture, stage 2 hypertension) and lifestyle (alcohol abstinence) conditions had a negative effect on odor identification scores. Finally, we provide clinicians with normative values for both versions of the Sniffin’ Sticks odor identification test, i.e., with 16 items and with 12 items.

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Olfactory acuity based on Brief Smell Identification Test (BSITⓇ) in migraine patients with and without aura: A cross-sectional, controlled study

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Migraine with aura: less control over pain and fragrances?

Migraine with aura: less control over pain and fragrances?

Multisensory hallucinations and other unusual sensory experiences in the context of migraine: a systematic review

Factors influencing olfactory function in an adult general population sample: the CHRIS study

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