Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction caused by SARS-CoV-2: Comparison with cases of infection with influenza and other viruses

Nakashima, Tsutomu; Suzuki, Hirokazu; Teranishi, Masaaki

doi:10.1017/ice.2020.196

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Furthermore, our study reinforces previous findings about the HPV vaccine [ 40 ], suggesting a possible class–effect association. By contrast with former studies, we did not suggest any signal involving influenza vaccines [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Drug-Associated Parosmia: New Perspectives from the WHO Safety Database

Merino

Gérard

Thümmler

et al. 2022

JCM

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Parosmia is a qualitative distortion of smell perception. Resulting from central causes, sinonasal diseases, and infections, parosmia has also been associated with medications. Therefore, we aimed to investigate potential signals for drugs associated with parosmia. VigiBase® (the WHO pharmacovigilance database) was queried for all reports of “Parosmia” (MedDRA Preferred Term), registered up to 23 January 2022. Disproportionality analysis relied on the reporting odds ratio and the information component. A signal is detected when the lower end of the 95% confidence interval of the information component is positive. We found 14,032 reports of parosmia, with a median patient age of 53 years. Most reported drugs were antiinfectives, among which COVID-19 vaccines accounted for 27.1% of reports. Antibiotics and corticosteroids were involved in 6.8% and 4.6% of reports. Significant disproportionate reporting was detected for corticosteroids, antibiotics, drugs used in nicotine dependence, COVID-19 and HPV vaccines, serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), and incretin mimetics. We suggest potential safety signals involving nicotine replacement therapies and vaccines. We also highlight the potential role of less suspected classes, such as SNRIs and incretin mimetics. An iatrogenic etiology should be evoked when parosmia occurs, especially in the elderly.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Drug-Associated Parosmia: New Perspectives from the WHO Safety Database

Merino

Gérard

Thümmler

et al. 2022

JCM

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“…However, as winter arrives in northern hemisphere bringing with it cold and flu season, these non-specific symptoms may be of limited utility as search terms for epidemiologic monitoring. Conversely, the onset of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, especially in combination, is rare in patients with other upper respiratory viral infections [23]. The presence of these symptoms presents a high likelihood of being linked to an ongoing or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection [24], which likely encourages patients to undergo molecular testing and initiate social distancing and isolation [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Google Searches for Taste and Smell Loss Anticipate Covid-19 Epidemiology

Lippi

Henry

Mattiuzzi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundAs evidence emerged that loss of taste and/or loss of smell is frequently triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we investigated whether Google searches volume for these two disease-specific symptoms could be associated with disease epidemiology in United States (US).Materials and MethodsWe performed an electronic search in Google Trends using the keywords “taste loss” and “smell loss” within the US. The Google searches volume was correlated with the number of new weekly cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the country.ResultsThe weekly Google searches for taste and smell loss exhibited a trend similar to that of new weekly SARS-CoV-2 infections in the US. A nearly perfect correlation was found between Google Trends scores of taste and smell loss (r=0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99; p<0.001). Although a significant association was found between Google searches for the two symptoms and the concomitant number of new weekly SARS-CoV-2 infections reported during the same week, the correlation improved over time. The highest correlation was found comparing Google Trends scores for taste or smell loss and the number of new weekly SARS-CoV-2 infections two weeks later. The correlation coefficient of summing Google Trends scores for the two symptoms and the number of new weekly SARS-CoV-2 infections two weeks later was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.68-0.90; p<0.001), and was associated 0.89 diagnostic accuracy.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that Google searches numbers for olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions may help predicting the epidemiological trajectory of COVID-19 early before official reporting.

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“…We have previously reported that taste test results remain consistent across different ages for both males and females. Recent reports have highlighted cases demonstrating anomalies in the sense of taste and smell due to the COVID-19 epidemic [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other researchers have reported a decline in the sense of smell and taste as an early symptom of Alzheimer's dementia [6]. Additionally, other researchers have reported that having COVID-19 affects one's sense of smell and taste [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. This time, we decided to compare the data of the same participants in the health checkup for residents of Yakumo Town, Hokkaido, Japan, which we have been conducting for many years, to examine whether the sense of taste and smell changed before and after the COVID-19 epidemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of The Salty Taste Test Results, The Olfactory Test Results, and Questionnaire Survey Results before the COVID-19 Epidemic (2019) and after the COVID-19 Epidemic (2022) in The Medical Examination for Residents of Yakumo Town, Hokkaido, Japan in the Same 100 Participants

Katayama

2023

J Health Care and Research

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Since 2005, we have conducted a questionnaire survey on taste and olfaction, the salty taste test, and the olfactory test in Yakumo Town, Hokkaido, Japan. However, due to the COVID-19 epidemic, resident screening was canceled in 2020 and 2021. We investigated the potential impact of COVID-19 by comparing results from the salty taste test, olfactory tests, and questionnaire surveys. Data were analyzed for a total of 100 individuals, 42 males, and 58 females, who underwent screening in both 2019 and 2022. The questionnaire survey included items regarding the subjective presence or absence of dizziness, tinnitus, headache, taste, smell, and saliva secretion. Furthermore, we obtained results from a salty taste test using the Solsave kit (manufactured by Advantech) and olfactory test results using the smell stick kit (manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Co., Ltd.). Consequently, when comparing the results of the olfactory test between 2019 and 2022 for 42 males, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.004) emerged. The ability to understand odors was more challenging in 2022 compared to 2019. Specifically, distinguishing between the odors of perfume (p = 0.044), menthol (p = 0.032), mandarin orange (p = 0.032), and fried garlic (p = 0.019) proved to be difficult. Similarly, in the comparison of 2019 and 2022 for 58 females, there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.033) in olfactory test results, indicating that comprehending odors was more difficult in 2022 than in 2019. Particularly, distinguishing between the odors of perfume (p = 0.026), mandarin orange (p = 0.026), and condensed milk (p = 0.018) presented challenges. There was no statistically significant difference in the results of the salty taste test and questionnaire survey for both males and females. To determine whether the observed changes in olfactory sense are due to aging changes over the three years or the effects of COVID-19, ongoing investigation is crucial. It is necessary to continue assessing whether this diminished sense of smell will recover in the future.

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Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction caused by SARS-CoV-2: Comparison with cases of infection with influenza and other viruses

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Drug-Associated Parosmia: New Perspectives from the WHO Safety Database

Drug-Associated Parosmia: New Perspectives from the WHO Safety Database

Google Searches for Taste and Smell Loss Anticipate Covid-19 Epidemiology

Comparison of The Salty Taste Test Results, The Olfactory Test Results, and Questionnaire Survey Results before the COVID-19 Epidemic (2019) and after the COVID-19 Epidemic (2022) in The Medical Examination for Residents of Yakumo Town, Hokkaido, Japan in the Same 100 Participants

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