Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Lüers, Jan Christoffer; Rokohl, Alexander C.; Loreck, Niklas; Matos, Philomena A Wawer; Augustin, Max; Dewald, Felix; Klein, Florian; Lehmann, Clara; Heindl, Ludwig M.

doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa525

Cited by 152 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The signi cant differences between the two groups were found in the rates of sore throat and olfactory and gustatory disturbances. Although the symptoms of COVID-19 have been described as nonspeci c, it has been recently found that olfactory and gustatory disturbances are characteristic of patients with COVID-19 [6,14,15]. The present study also con rmed that olfactory and taste disorders are more frequent in patients with COVID-19 than in suspected patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Therefore, clinicians are required to properly identify and manage patients with COVID-19. COVID-19 often causes fever, upper respiratory tract symptoms, cough, malaise, olfactory, and gustatory dysfunction after 7-14 days of the incubation period [3][4][5][6]. However, the clinical course and symptoms are nonspeci c, making it di cult to distinguish COVID-19 from common cold and other febrile diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proposal of COVID-19 Clinical Risk Score for the management of suspected COVID-19 cases: a case control study

Nakakubo

Suzuki²,

Kamada³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundNo clinical scoring system has yet been established to estimate the likelihood of COVID-19 and to determine the suitability of diagnostic testing in suspected COVID-19 patients.MethodsThis was a single-center, retrospective, observational study of patients with suspected COVID-19 and confirmed COVID-19. Patient background, clinical course, laboratory and CT findings, and the presence of alternative diagnoses were evaluated. Clinical risk scores were developed based on clinical differences between patients with and those without COVID-19.ResultsAmong 110 patients suspected of COVID-19, 60.9% underwent PCR testing based on the judgment of physicians. Two patients were found to have COVID-19. The clinical characteristics of 108 non-COVID-19 patients were compared with those of 23 confirmed COVID-19 patients. Patients with COVID-19 were more likely to have a history of high-risk exposures and abnormal sense of taste and smell. Significantly higher rates of subnormal white blood cell count, lower eosinophil count, and lower procalcitonin level were observed in the COVID-19 group than in the non-COVID-19 group. When blood tests, CT findings, and the presence of alternative diagnoses were scored on an 11-point scale, i.e., “COVID-19 Clinical Risk Score”, the COVID-19 group scored significantly higher than the non-COVID-19 group, with more than four points in the COVID-19 group. All non-COVID cases that did not undergo PCR had a score of 4 or less.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 Clinical Risk Score enables risk classification of patients suspected of having COVID-19 and can help in decision-making in clinical practice, including appropriateness of diagnostic testing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal of COVID-19 Clinical Risk Score for the management of suspected COVID-19 cases: a case control study

Nakakubo

Suzuki²,

Kamada³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…By integrating medical record analysis and follow-up con rmation and reevaluation after discharge, we reported higher rates of smell and taste disorder in the hospitalized patients than an early report from Wuhan, which relied on medical record analysis only and had a smaller sample size (6). However, the rates of smell and taste disorder in our cohort were much lower than those reported in Europe and America (2)(3)(4)(5)19). It may be related to the different characteristics of COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…Last December 2019, a cluster of viral pneumonia cases identi ed as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19), was reported in Wuhan, China. Subsequently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identi ed to be the pathogenic cause of COVID-19 (1,2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Reported Taste and Smell Disorders in Patients with COVID-19: Distinct Features in China

Song

Deng

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Last December 2019, a cluster of viral pneumonia cases identified as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was reported in Wuhan, China. We aimed to explore the frequencies of nasal symptoms in patients with COVID-19, including loss of smell and taste, as well as their presentation as the first symptom of the disease and their association with the severity of COVID-19.Methods: In this retrospective study, 1,206 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included and followed-up by telephone call one month after discharged from Tongji Hospital, Wuhan. Demographic data, laboratory values, comorbidities, symptoms, and numerical rating scale scores (0-10) of nasal symptoms were extracted from the hospital medical records, and confirmed or reevaluated by the telephone follow-up. Results: From COVID-19 patients (N = 1,172) completing follow-up, 199 (17%) subjects had severe COVID-19 and 342 (29.2%) reported nasal symptoms. The most common nasal symptom was loss of taste (20.6%, median score = 6), while 11.4% had loss of smell (median score = 5). The incidence of nasal symptom including loss of smell and loss of taste as the first onset symptom was <1% in COVID-19 patients. Loss of smell or taste scores showed no correlation with the scores of other nasal symptoms. Loss of taste scores, but not loss of smell scores, were significantly increased in severe vs. non-severe COVID-19 patients. Interleukin (IL)-6 and lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) serum levels positively correlated with loss of taste scores. About 80% of COVID-19 patients recovered from smell and taste dysfunction in 2 weeks.Conclusions: In the Wuhan COVID-19 cohort, only 1 out of 10 hospital admitted patients had loss of smell while 1 out 5 reported loss of taste which was associated to severity of COVID-19. Most patients recovered smell and taste dysfunctions in 2 weeks.

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“…The continued rise in COVID-19 cases and deaths poses an unprecedented global health threat, and asymptomatic infection may contribute to delays in identifying and managing outbreaks. Luers et al described from a retrospective adult cohort of con rmed COVID-19 from Germany that 74% of patients reported anosmia [4]. Spinato et al described from a retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients that 64.4% reported alternations in taste or smell [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-Sectional Study of Olfactory and Taste Disorders in COVID-19 Patients in China

Sun

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objective To determine the prevalance and features of olfactory and taste disorders in coronavirus disease of 2019（CoVID-19）patients in China. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed from 3 April to 15 April 2020 in Wuhan. A total of 187 patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection completed face-to-face interviews or telephone follow-up. Patients information including epidemiological, clinical, imaging, and serological records and treatment and outcomes data. Patients were further evaluated using questionnaires and visual analogue scale. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software (version 22.0). Results The enrolled 187 patients, 23 (12.3%) reported olfactory disorders, 42 (22.46%) reported taste disorders. Females are more prone to olfactory and taste disorders. Among patients that can clearly describe the fluctuation of olfactory and taste disfunctions, 4 (20.0%) and 7(18.92%) cases occurred before other symptoms appeared, the average number of days in advance was 3.5 and 3.57, respectively. The majority of patients can return to normal or basic normal, but in 4(17.39%) and 9(21.43%) cases olfactory and taste can not fully recoveried during the research period. Conclusions Prevalence of olfactory and taste disorders substantially lower in China cohorts compared to abroad COVID-19 cohorts. The prevalence of olfactory and taste disorders in COVID-19 patients was higher in females than in males. In some patients, olfactory and taste disorders precede other symptoms and can be used as a symbol for early screening and warning. The restoration of olfactory and taste function was independent of age; females recover more easily than males; olfactory or taste disorders was not easily recovered for patients with clinically classified as severe; when olfactory or taste disorders itself was serious, it was not easy to recover; olfactory or taste disorders occured early in the disease were more likely to be recovered, otherwise they were hard to be recovered.

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Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Cited by 152 publications

References 8 publications

Proposal of COVID-19 Clinical Risk Score for the management of suspected COVID-19 cases: a case control study

Proposal of COVID-19 Clinical Risk Score for the management of suspected COVID-19 cases: a case control study

Self-Reported Taste and Smell Disorders in Patients with COVID-19: Distinct Features in China

A Cross-Sectional Study of Olfactory and Taste Disorders in COVID-19 Patients in China

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