Olfactory Bulb Magnetic Resonance Imaging in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Anosmia: The First Report

Galougahi, Mahboobeh Karimi; Ghorbani, Jahangir; Bakhshayeshkaram, Mehrdad; Naeini, Ali Safavi; Haseli, Sara

doi:10.1016/j.acra.2020.04.002

Cited by 147 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Post-viral anosmia occurs in 40% of a sample of 99 patients in Wuhan and can be permanent. 1 Coronaviruses can invade CN1 via the cribriform plate. 16 Invasion of the olfactory bulb can lead to decreased volume on brain MRI.…”

Section: Mri Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 The remainder of anosmia is caused by nasal turbinate obstruction of CNI observed on imaging, after invasion vis ACE-2 receptors on microvillar Bowman's gland cells. 1,3 This differs from post-infectious anosmia in that there is no ageusia and it is temporary.…”

Section: Mri Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It binds to the ACE-2 receptor and transmembrane serine protease 2 and was declared a pandemic in March 2020. 1 This paper is a literature review of its neurological sequelae with focus on neuroimaging, then a case series of patients seen by neurology consultants at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York City from February until May, 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RETRACTED: Neurological and neuromuscular manifestations in SARS-CoV-2: Review of Literature and Case Series

Warner

2020

Preprint

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Abstract Abstract: Introduction: The 2019 coronavirus, known as SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, was named a pandemic by the WHO in March 2020. It binds to the ACE-2 receptor and transmembrane serine protease 2 and is highly virulent. There are many sequelae of this virus, including neurological consequences. We have performed a literature review of the neurological sequelae of COVID-19 with relation to neuroimaging and then present a case series. Case Series: Seven cases were seen by neurology consultants at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York City between February and May of 2020; 5 met criteria. The majority of these consultations were called for encephalopathy. Some had neuroimaging of brain MRI or head CT, which all showed microvascular disease. One case had prior imaging without microvascular disease.Summary/Conclusion: It is known that vascular disease is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection. This case series demonstrates presence of microvascular disease in patients with encephalopathy. We know that microvascular disease can be a risk factor for toxic metabolic encephalopathy. It is unclear if the microvascular disease was present prior to infection, although at least one patient had prior imaging without microvascular disease. More research is needed to determine if COVID-19 infection can cause vascular disease.

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Section: Mri Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mri Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RETRACTED: Neurological and neuromuscular manifestations in SARS-CoV-2: Review of Literature and Case Series

Warner

2020

Preprint

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“…Gilani et al [7] hypothesized that the mechanism of injury is similar to that of other coronaviruses infections that cause central and peripheral neurologic de cits, but we agree with Vaira et al [8] when they suggest that, given the high rate of rapid recovery, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the OD is not related to de nitive damage from the virus to the neuronal cells, and a damage to other cell types appears more likely. In case of SARS-CoV-2-induced anosmia, magnetic resonance imaging of the olfactory bulb did not show abnormal ndings regarding its volume or signal intensity [9]. Moreover, the rapid recovery leads us to hypothesize the role of a biochemical mediator.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions In 100 Patients Hospitalized For Covid-19: Sex Differences and Recovery Time In Real-Life

Meini

Suardi

Busoni

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Purpose. COVID-19 displays a variety of clinical manifestations; in pauci-symptomatic patients olfactory (OD) and gustatory dysfunctions (GD) may represent the first or only symptom. To date, literature addressing these disorders is scarce. Aim of this study is to investigate the timing of recovery from OD and GD in a real-life COVID-19 population.Methods. We followed up by a phone interview the first 100 patients discharged a month earlier from three Italian non-intensive care wards.Results. All patients were Caucasian, mean age was 65 years, 60% were males. OD and GD were early symptoms reported by 29% and 41% of patients, respectively. Among the 42 symptomatic patients, the male/female ratio was 2:1; 83% reported an almost resolved dysfunction at follow-up. The recovery rate was not significantly different between males and females. The mean duration of OD and GD was 18 and 16 days, respectively. The mean recovery time from OD or GD resulted significantly longer for females than for males (26 vs 14 days, p=0.009). Among the 42 symptomatic, the mean age of males was significantly higher than that of females (66 vs 57 years, p=0.04), while the opposite was observed in the 58 asymptomatic patients (60 vs 73 years, p=0.0018).Conclusions. Recovery from OD or GD was rapid, occurring within 4 weeks in most patients. Chemosensory dysfunctions in women was less frequent, but longer lasting. The value of our study is its focus on a significantly older population than those previously described, and to add further data on gender differences.

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“…Whether the underlying cause of anosmia is conductive or sensorineural was attempted to be addressed by two studies that assessed imaging of the olfactory system (24,25) . Anosmia was found to be obstructive in nature rather than neural with a normal olfactory bulb.…”

Section: Systematic Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Anosmia as a presenting symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers – A systematic review of the literature, case series, and recommendations for clinical assessment and management

Lechner¹,

Chandrasekharan²,

Jumani³

et al. 2020

Rhin

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Background: Healthcare workers are at the forefront of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and are at high risk for both the contraction and subsequent spread of virus. Understanding the role of anosmia as an early symptom of infection may improve monitoring and management of SARS-CoV2 infection. Methodology:We conducted a systematic review of the literature of SARS-CoV2 infection/COVID-19 and anosmia to help inform management of anosmia in healthcare works. We report a case series of healthcare workers, who presented with a loss of sense of smell secondary to COVID-19 infection to demonstrate management principles. RT-PCR was used to confirm COVID-19 positivity and psychophysical testing of olfaction was performed using the British version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, UPSIT. Results:The systematic literature search returned 31 articles eligible for inclusion in the study and informed our recommendations for clinical assessment and management. All three healthcare professionals who presented with loss of sense of smell subsequently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Psychophysical testing of olfaction using the UPSIT confirmed mild and moderate microsmia in two, respectively, and normosmia at day 17 in one. Conclusions:Olfactory (± gustatory) dysfunction is indicative of COVID-19 infection and thus has important implications in the context of healthcare workers, or key workers in general, who work in close contact with others if not recognised as suffering from COVID. This leads to a potentially higher likelihood of spreading the virus. In conjunction with our literature review these findings have helped with creating recommendations on the assessment and management of olfactory dysfunction during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, both for healthcare workers and patients.

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Olfactory Bulb Magnetic Resonance Imaging in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Anosmia: The First Report

Cited by 147 publications

References 3 publications

RETRACTED: Neurological and neuromuscular manifestations in SARS-CoV-2: Review of Literature and Case Series

RETRACTED: Neurological and neuromuscular manifestations in SARS-CoV-2: Review of Literature and Case Series

Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions In 100 Patients Hospitalized For Covid-19: Sex Differences and Recovery Time In Real-Life

Anosmia as a presenting symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers – A systematic review of the literature, case series, and recommendations for clinical assessment and management

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