Olfactory Computations and Network Oscillation

Gelperin, Alan

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3737-05b.2006

Cited by 49 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 149 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…Both tonic levels and phasic changes of NO are required for hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). Olfactory circuits generate rhythmic oscillatory activity (Gelperin, 2006) that can be NO-dependent (Gelperin, 1994;Fujie et al, 2005) and modulated by odor learning (Kay, 2005;Martin et al, 2006), and odor learning can be dependent on NO synthesis (Kendrick et al, 1997;Sakura et al, 2004;Susswein et al, 2004;Edwards and Rickard, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tonic and stimulus-evoked nitric oxide production in the mouse olfactory bulb

Lowe

Buerk

et al. 2008

Neuroscience

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Nitric oxide (NO) has been long assumed to play a key role in mammalian olfaction. This was based largely on circumstantial evidence, i.e. prominent staining for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclic GMP or soluble guanylyl cyclase, an effector enzyme activated by NO, in local interneurons of the olfactory bulb. Here we employ innovative custom-fabricated NO micro-sensors to obtain the first direct, time-resolved measurements of NO signaling in the olfactory bulb. In 400 μm thick mouse olfactory bulb slices, we detected a steady average basal level of 87 nM NO in the extracellular space of mitral or granule cell layers. This NO 'tone' was sensitive to NOS substrate manipulation (200 μM L-arginine, 2 mM L-NAME) and Mg 2+ modulation of NMDA receptor conductance. Electrical stimulation of olfactory nerve fibers evoked transient (peak at 10 s) increments in NO levels 90 -100 nM above baseline. In the anesthetized mouse, NO micro-sensors inserted into the granule cell layer detected NO transients averaging 55 nM in amplitude and peaking at 3.4 sec after onset of a 5 sec odorant stimulation. These findings suggest dual roles for NO signaling in the olfactory bulbtonic inhibitory control of principal neurons, and regulation of circuit dynamics during odor information processing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tonic and stimulus-evoked nitric oxide production in the mouse olfactory bulb

Lowe

Buerk

et al. 2008

Neuroscience

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“…In the primate brain, there is growing evidence that oscillations are linked to behavior and cognitive tasks. Because action potential generation is energetically expensive, this mechanism may have evolved to minimize energy expenditure during computation and communication (Laughlin and Sejnowski, 2003), which might also explain why it is evolutionarily conserved from mollusks to the human brain (Gelperin, 2006;Kahana, 2006).…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Oscillations: Emerging Computational Principles

2006

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Despite extensive work on the behavioral and physiological correlates of brain rhythms, it is still unresolved whether they have any important function in the mammalian cerebral cortex. In particular, there is no consensus on whether there are general computational roles for network oscillations. Three main possibilities will be discussed here. One possibility is that network oscillations contribute to representation of information. A second idea is that, rather than representing information as such, oscillations and synchrony regulate the flow of information in neural circuits. A third possibility is that oscillations assist in the storage and retrieval of information in neural circuits. These three possibilities are not mutually exclusive.

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“…The PC exhibits oscillation of local field potentials (LFP) at 0.7 Hz (Gelperin and Tank 1990). It is thus suitable for study of the contribution of oscillation to information processing in a nervous system that features learning, and has been studied extensively (for reviews, see Gelperin 1999Gelperin , 2006Watanabe et al 2008). For example, LFP oscillation is synchronized over the entire PC lobe, with wave propagation from apical to basal parts (Delany et al 1994;Kawahara et al 1997;Kimura et al 1998c).…”

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confidence: 99%

Internal representation and memory formation of odor preference based on oscillatory activities in a terrestrial slug

Sekiguchi¹,

Furudate²,

Kimura³

2010

Learn. Mem.

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The terrestrial slug Limax exhibits a highly developed ability to learn odors with a small nervous system. When a fluorescent dye, Lucifer Yellow (LY), is injected into the slug's body cavity after odor -taste associative conditioning, a group of neurons in the procerebral (PC) lobe, an olfactory center of the slug, is labeled by LY. We examined the relationships between conditioning strategies and LY labeling. The positions of LY-labeled neurons in the PC lobe after appetitive conditioning were more apical than those after aversive conditioning and did not depend on the conditioned odor, suggesting that the biological value of odors affected the position of LY-labeled neural clusters. A simple computational model consisting of two layers of oscillators with electrical synaptic interaction was constructed based on physiological features of the PC lobe, and showed that the oscillatory phase difference between the layers contributed to determination of the positions of LY-labeled neurons, suggesting that phase difference in oscillatory activity plays a role in the association of odors and the preference for them. (Wehr and Laurent 1996); and (6) they play roles in the mechanisms of fine odor discrimination (Stopfer et al. 1997;Teyke and Gelperin 1999).For terrestrial slugs, olfactory information is the most important means of recognizing the external world, and slugs exhibit various types of odor learning (Sahley et al. 1981(Sahley et al. , 1990Hopfield and Gelperin 1989;Suzuki et al. 1994). Slugs have two pairs of tentacles that sense odors via olfactory receptors at their tips. Odor information is transferred to the procerebral (PC) lobe, which is the lateral part of the cerebral ganglion and is specialized for olfactory information processing in terrestrial slugs and snails (Ratte and Chase 1997;Chase 2000;Zaitseva 2000). On the surface of the PC lobe, large numbers of cell bodies of interneurons are arranged and elongate their neuropils toward the inside of the PC lobe, where afferent fibers from the tentacles are projected (Kawahara et al. 1997). The PC exhibits oscillation of local field potentials (LFP) at 0.7 Hz (Gelperin and Tank 1990). It is thus suitable for study of the contribution of oscillation to information processing in a nervous system that features learning, and has been studied extensively (for reviews, see Gelperin 1999Gelperin , 2006Watanabe et al. 2008). For example, LFP oscillation is synchronized over the entire PC lobe, with wave propagation from apical to basal parts (Delany et al. 1994;Kawahara et al. 1997;Kimura et al. 1998c). The application of learned odors changes the frequency of the LFP oscillation (Kimura et al. 1998a;Inoue et al. 2006). In addition, when a fluorescent dye, Lucifer Yellow (LY), is injected into the body cavity after odor learning, some of the PC interneurons incorporate the dye (Kimura et al. 1998b;Gelperin 1999;Ermentrout et al. 2001). Since the incorporation of LY depends on conditioning treatment and the duration between conditioning and LY injection (Kimura...

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Olfactory Computations and Network Oscillation

Cited by 49 publications

References 149 publications

Tonic and stimulus-evoked nitric oxide production in the mouse olfactory bulb

Tonic and stimulus-evoked nitric oxide production in the mouse olfactory bulb

Network Oscillations: Emerging Computational Principles

Internal representation and memory formation of odor preference based on oscillatory activities in a terrestrial slug

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