Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients With Head Trauma

Doty, Richard L.; Yousem, David M.; Pham, Lynda T.; Kreshak, Allyson A.; Geckle, Rena J.; Lee, W. William

doi:10.1001/archneur.1997.00550210061014

Cited by 248 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In this study, the most sensitive tool for detecting residual brain dysfunction on neurological examination was olfactory testing. In studies of TBI resulting from noncombat trauma, approximately 60 percent of individuals with moderate to severe TBI have impaired olfaction [20,22,75]. In this report, 52 percent of the 126 veterans with a history of mild TBI had impaired olfaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The olfactory testing instrument has normal performance values that are adjusted for age and sex [17][18]. Olfactory testing using this scratch-and-sniff type of testing instrument has been validated for all severities of TBI [19][20][21][22][23]. Motor testing evaluated muscle tone, muscle power testing, upper-limb drift, and the arm-rolling maneuver [24].…”

Section: Neurological Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Headaches among Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom veterans with mild traumatic brain injury associated with exposures to explosions

Ruff

Ruff²,

Wang³

2008

JRRD

110

146

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Abstract-Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common injury type among Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) veterans, and headaches are a frequent consequence of TBI. We examined the hypothesis that among veterans who reported mild TBI caused by exposure to an explosion during deployment in OIF/OEF, those with residual neurocognitive deficits would have a higher frequency of headaches and more severe headaches. We evaluated 155 consecutive veterans with neurological examination and neuropsychological testing. We excluded 29 veterans because they did not have mild TBI or they did not complete the evaluation. We analyzed headache pattern, intensity, and frequency. Among the 126 veterans studied, 80 had impairments on neurological examination or neuropsychological testing that were best attributed to TBI. Veterans with impairments had been exposed to more explosions and were more likely to have headache, features of migraine, more severe pain, more frequent headaches, posttraumatic stress disorder, and impaired sleep with nightmares.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Neurological Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Headaches among Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom veterans with mild traumatic brain injury associated with exposures to explosions

Ruff

Ruff²,

Wang³

2008

JRRD

110

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…13 Long-term psychophysical studies on post-traumatic anosmics suggest that some return of olfactory function will take place in one third of patients; the prognosis for useful recovery is generally poor, however. 14 The mechanism of olfactory injury and recovery in individual patients is unclear from these studies, in part because current psychophysical testing is not specific for the site of lesion. The essential question, therefore, is whether improvement reflects functional reconnection of the olfactory mucosa with the bulb or some other, more central recovery process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐traumatic Olfactory Dysfunction

Kern¹,

Quinn²,

Rosseau

et al. 2000

The Laryngoscope

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“…Imaging studies of U.S. OIF/OEF military personnel and veterans have disclosed subtle neurological injury that included orbital frontal cortex and white matter [36][37]. Injury to orbital frontal cortex occurs in subjects who had impaired olfaction associated with head trauma [38][39][40].…”

Section: Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

For veterans with mild traumatic brain injury, improved posttraumatic stress disorder severity and sleep correlated with symptomatic improvement

Ruff

Riechers²,

Wang³

et al. 2012

JRRD

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Abstract-This was an observational study of a cohort of 63 Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom veterans with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) associated with an explosion. They had headaches, residual neurological deficits (NDs) on neurological examination, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and were seen on average 2.5 years after their last mTBI. We treated them with sleep hygiene counseling and oral prazosin. We monitored headache severity, daytime sleepiness using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, cognitive performance using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test, and the presence of NDs. We quantitatively measured olfaction and assessed PTSD severity using the PTSD Checklist-Military Version. Nine weeks after starting sleep counseling and bedtime prazosin, the veterans' headache severity decreased, cognitive function as assayed with a brief screening tool improved, and daytime sleepiness diminished. Six months after completing treatment, the veterans demonstrated additional improvement in headache severity and daytime sleepiness and their improvements in cognitive function persisted. There were no changes in the prevalence of NDs or olfaction scores. Clinical improvements correlated with reduced PTSD severity and daytime sleepiness. The data suggested that reduced clinical manifestations following mTBI correlated with PTSD severity and improvement in sleep, but not the presence of NDs or olfaction impairment.

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Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients With Head Trauma

Cited by 248 publications

References 25 publications

Headaches among Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom veterans with mild traumatic brain injury associated with exposures to explosions

Headaches among Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom veterans with mild traumatic brain injury associated with exposures to explosions

Post‐traumatic Olfactory Dysfunction

For veterans with mild traumatic brain injury, improved posttraumatic stress disorder severity and sleep correlated with symptomatic improvement

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