Olfactory dysfunction in patients with primary progressive MS

Schmidt, Felix; Maas, Matthew B.; Geran, Rohat; Schmidt, Charlotte; Kunte, Hagen; Ruprecht, Klemens; Paul, Friedemann; Göktas, Önder; Harms, Lutz

doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000000369

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It is notable to mention that this was one of the few studies where the Threshold Discrimination Identification (TDI) test was performed as the screening tool. (20) So far, existing data suggest that MS patients are at an elevated risk of experiencing olfactory dysfunction. Moreover, our subgroup analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in studies whose mean EDSS was more than 3 was higher compared to other studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mirmosayyeb¹,

Ebrahimi²,

Barzegar³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objectives: Olfactory dysfunction is a major comorbidity observed in patients with multiple sclerosis, yet different prevalence rates are reported for it. Therefore, we have designed this systematic review to estimate the pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in patients with MS. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients. Method: We searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest, and gray literature including references from the identified studies, review studies, and conference abstracts which were published up to January 2021. Articles that were relevant to our topic and could provide information regarding the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction, or the scores of smell threshold, discrimination, or identification (TDI scores) among MS patients and healthy individuals were included; however, articles published before 1990 and after the end of 2020 were excluded. Results: The literature search found 1630 articles. After eliminating duplicates, 897 articles remained. two abstract conference papers were included for final analysis. A total of 1099 MS cases and 299 MS patients with olfactory dysfunction were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in the included studies was 27.2%. (95% CI: [19.7%, 35.4%]) Also, the overall TDI score in MS patients was lower than that in the control group (SMD=-1.00; 95% CI: [-1.44, -0.56]), and the level of Threshold (SMD= -0.47; 95% CI: [-0.75, -0.19]), Discrimination (SMD=-0.53; 95% CI: [-0.96, -0.10]), and Identification (SMD=-1.02; 95% CI: [-1.36, -0.68]) per se were lower in MS compared with control respectively. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review shows that the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients is high and more attention needs to be drawn to this aspect of MS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mirmosayyeb¹,

Ebrahimi²,

Barzegar³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Bei 15-20 % der Betroffenen (meist ältere Patienten > 40 Jahre) beginnt die Erkrankung als primär chronisch-progrediente MS (Primary Progressive MS = PPMS) mit einer schleichenden Gangverschlechterung durch eine progrediente spastische Paraparese [24]. Diese Symptomatik wird leider oft jahrelang fehldiagnostiziert, da viele Betroffene wegen vermuteter Rückenleiden oder lumbaler Bandscheibenvorfälle behandelt werden.…”

Section: Verlaufunclassified

Pharmakotherapie bei Multipler Sklerose

Paul¹

2017

Zeitschrift für Komplementärmedizin

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ZusammenfassungMultiple Sklerose (MS) ist eine chronisch entzündliche Erkrankung des Zentralen Nervensystems, die meist initial schubförmig-remittierend verläuft (RRMS) und häufig in einen sekundär chronisch-progedienten Verlauf (SPMS) übergeht. Zu den Symptomen zählen temporäre oder dauerhafte neurologische Ausfälle unter Umständen aller Funktionssysteme. Für die verlaufsmodifizierende Behandlung stehen zugelassene Medikamente zur Verfügung, deren Auswahl von Verlaufsform und Stadium der Erkrankung abhängt und zudem Patienten-Präferenzen berücksichtigen sollte. Empfohlen wird ein früher Beginn der MS-spezifischen Immuntherapie, um eine spätere Gewebeschädigung oder neurologische Behinderung zu verhindern bzw. hinauszuzögern.Der Refresher vermittelt die Verlaufsformen der Multiplen Sklerose und die darauf abgestimmte verlaufsmodifizierende Pharmakotherapie.

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“…Impairment of olfactory function is a characteristic feature in MS with different modalities reflecting different aspects of MS pathology. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The capacity to correctly identify odours (identification) and to discriminate them (discrimination) is affected in MS patients displaying both clinical and paraclinical signs of MS-associated neurodegeneration such as physical or cognitive disability progression, brain atrophy and reduced retinal thickness. 5,6,9 On the other hand, olfactory threshold is transiently impaired in active MS and during acute relapse resolving in phases of clinical stability, which indicates an association with short-term inflammatory activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum neurofilament light levels correlate with change of olfactory function in multiple sclerosis

Bsteh

Berek

Hegen

et al. 2019

Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Cl

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Background: Serum neurofilament light chain levels (sNfL) and impairment of olfactory function emerge as biomarkers in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the relation between sNfL and olfactory function in MS has not been investigated yet. Objective: We aimed to determine whether sNfL levels correlate with olfactory function in relapsingremitting (RR) MS. Methods: We annually measured sNfL and olfactory function (Sniffin' Sticks test: Threshold (T) and combined discrimination-identification (DI) score) in 80 RRMS patients and compared sNfL to T and DI scores. Results: T scores significantly correlated with sNfL levels at simultaneous measurement (-1.5 points, 95% CI: -2.6-0.5 per 10 pg/ml sNfL increase; p < 0.001 per 10 pg/ml sNfL increase), but not at temporally distant measurement. Patients with 2 sNfL measures above the 75th percentile displayed significantly larger DI decrease (median 3.0 points, IQR 2.0-4.5) compared to patients with no or only one sNfL measure above the 75th percentile (0.0, IQR -0.5-0.5, p < 0.001 and 1.0, IQR 0.0-3.30, p ¼ 0.008, respectively). 13-18% of the variance in T and 22% in DI decrease could be predicted from sNfL levels. Conclusions: sNfL correlates with different qualities of olfactory function in patients with RRMS further strengthening the value of olfactory function as a biomarker of inflammation and axonal damage in MS.

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Olfactory dysfunction in patients with primary progressive MS

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Pharmakotherapie bei Multipler Sklerose

Serum neurofilament light levels correlate with change of olfactory function in multiple sclerosis

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