Olfactory identification deficits at identification as ultra-high risk for psychosis are associated with poor functional outcome

Lin, Ashleigh; Brewer, Warrick J.; Yung, Alison R.; Nelson, Barnaby; Pantelis, Christos; Wood, Stephen J.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.051

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Our findings of more severe impairment in odor identification in bipolar patients with psychosis vs those without, coupled with greater impairment for hedonically pleasant versus unpleasant/neutral odors, directly mirror what has previously been reported both for schizophrenia patients and clinical high‐risk youth . While initial high‐risk studies suggested that olfactory impairments might be specific predictors of actual conversion to schizophrenia, more recent data suggest that this is an index of poor functional outcome which may include overt psychosis, but which is an ominous marker of neurodevelopmental aberration independent of future diagnosis. Thus, our results are consistent with and reinforce the hypothesis that embryonic insults early in fetal development, which can give rise to both structural and behavioral olfactory anomalies, result in a heightened, but not inevitable, risk for both psychosis and overall functional impairment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Olfactory processing in bipolar disorder, major depression, and anxiety

et al. 2018

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Olfactory processing in bipolar disorder, major depression, and anxiety

et al. 2018

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“…Importantly, olfactory deficits have also been identified as indicators of several neurologic diseases, including multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and possibly, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease 16 , 17 . They also represent ultra-high risk indicators for psychosis 18 . Very recently, olfactory dysfunction has been identified as the best predictor for 5-year mortality in older adults 19 ; outperforming such factors as heart failure, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, liver damage and even cancer 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nasal microbiome mirrors and potentially shapes olfactory function

Koskinen

Reichert

Hoier

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Olfactory function is a key sense for human well-being and health, with olfactory dysfunction having been linked to serious diseases. As the microbiome is involved in normal olfactory epithelium development, we explored the relationship between olfactory function (odor threshold, discrimination, identification) and nasal microbiome in 67 healthy volunteers. Twenty-eight subjects were found to have normal olfactory function, 29 had a particularly good sense of smell (“good normosmics”) and 10 were hyposmic. Microbial community composition differed significantly between the three olfactory groups. In particular, butyric acid-producing microorganisms were found to be associated with impaired olfactory function. We describe the first insights of the potential interplay between the olfactory epithelium microbial community and olfactory function, and suggest that the microbiome composition is able to mirror and potentially shape olfactory function by producing strong odor compounds.

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“…identification potentially more related to other cognitive domains, while discrimination may be a “purer” olfactory task. Together with evidence for the prognostic utility of olfactory functioning in idiopathic clinical risk and early psychosis (Brewer et al, 2003; Good et al, 2006; Lin et al, 2015; Woodberry et al, 2010), olfactory functioning is promising in its clinical relevance to psychosis in 22q11DS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-Odor interpretation was correlated with positive symptoms (Kästner et al, 2013). Furthermore, two studies reported that in individuals at clinical risk for psychosis, odor identification deficits were predictive of later transition to a psychotic disorder (Brewer et al, 2003; Woodberry et al, 2010), while they were predictive of functional outcome (but not conversion) in another study (Lin et al, 2015). In first-episode psychosis, odor identification deficits predicted [non-remission] of symptoms after one year (Good et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory deficits and psychosis-spectrum symptoms in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Tang

Moberg

et al. 2018

Schizophrenia Research

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Olfactory functioning is a promising biomarker for psychosis in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) but has not been well studied to date. This is a pilot effort to evaluate the potential for tests of olfactory functioning to contribute to risk and resilience prediction in 22q11DS, and is the first study to evaluate relationships among olfactory deficits, cognition and psychosis-spectrum symptoms. Odor identification and discrimination were evaluated in 32 individuals with 22q11DS and 110 healthy comparison subjects (HC). Individuals with 22q11DS also underwent cognitive testing with the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery, which evaluates executive functioning, episodic memory, complex cognition, and social cognition. Positive, negative, disorganized and general psychosis-spectrum symptoms were rated according to the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms. Age-normalized scores were calculated for odor identification and discrimination based on normative data. Both odor identification (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = -2.15, 95% CI [-2.62, -1.68]) and discrimination (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = -1.81, 95% CI [-2.26, -1.35]) were significantly impaired in 22q11DS relative to HC. There were no sex differences in either group. Neither odor identification nor discrimination was correlated with overall cognition or any specific cognitive domain in 22q11DS. Impairment in odor discrimination was correlated with higher negative and overall psychosis-spectrum symptoms. There was no significant effect of catechol-O-methyltransferase Val(158)Met genotype or presence of velopharyngeal insufficiency on olfactory functioning. Olfactory deficits, particularly olfactory discrimination, are robust in 22q11DS and appear to be independent of cognitive deficits. They are also clinically relevant and related to psychosis-spectrum symptoms. Olfactory functioning appears to be a promising biomarker for psychosis in 22q11DS.

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Olfactory identification deficits at identification as ultra-high risk for psychosis are associated with poor functional outcome

Cited by 28 publications

References 43 publications

Olfactory processing in bipolar disorder, major depression, and anxiety

Olfactory processing in bipolar disorder, major depression, and anxiety

The nasal microbiome mirrors and potentially shapes olfactory function

Olfactory deficits and psychosis-spectrum symptoms in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

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