Olfactory inhibition and recovery in chum salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus keta</i>) following copper exposure

Sandahl, Jason F.; Miyasaka, Go; Koide, Naoki; Ueda, Hiroshi

doi:10.1139/f06-074

Cited by 46 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In the wild, such changes can directly translate into increased vulnerability to predation or decreased food intake with possible consequences for growth and fecundity. For example, impairment of the olfactory function in salmon has been demonstrated after exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of diazinon, an OP insecticide, and copper [39,40]. Copper concentrations of 2 mg/L, a concentration commonly detected in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (I. Werner, unpublished data), completely eliminated the avoidance response of juvenile salmon to a predator cue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring acute and chronic water column toxicity in the Northern Sacramento–San Joaquin Estuary, California, USA, using the euryhaline amphipod, Hyalella azteca: 2006 to 2007

Werner¹,

Deanovic²,

Markiewicz³

et al. 2009

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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After the significant population decline of several pelagic fish species in the Northern Sacramento-San Joaquin (SSJ) Estuary (CA, USA) in 2002, a study was performed to monitor water column toxicity using the amphipod Hyalella azteca. From January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007, water samples were collected biweekly from 15 to 16 sites located in large delta channels and main-stem rivers, selected based on prevalent distribution patterns of fish species of concern. Ten-day laboratory tests with H. azteca survival and relative growth as toxicity endpoints were conducted. The enzyme inhibitor piperonyl butoxide ([PBO], 25 µg/L) was added to synergize or antagonize pyrethroid or organophosphate (OP) insecticide toxicity, respectively. Significant amphipod mortality was observed in 5.6% of ambient samples. Addition of PBO significantly changed survival or growth in 1.1% and 10.1% of ambient samples, respectively. Sites in the Lower Sacramento River had the largest number of acutely toxic samples, high occurrence of PBO effects on amphipod growth (along with sites in the South Delta), and the highest total ammonia/ammonium concentrations (0.28 ± 0.15 mg/L). Ammonia/ammonium, or contaminants occurring in mixture with these, likely contributed to the observed toxicity. Pyrethroid insecticides were detected at potentially toxic concentrations. Overall, results of this study identified specific areas and contaminants of concern and showed that water in the Northern SSJ Estuary was at times acutely toxic to sensitive invertebrates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring acute and chronic water column toxicity in the Northern Sacramento–San Joaquin Estuary, California, USA, using the euryhaline amphipod, Hyalella azteca: 2006 to 2007

Werner¹,

Deanovic²,

Markiewicz³

et al. 2009

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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“…Some studies of fish suggest that heavy metals directly damage sensing cells in the olfactory epithelium (e.g., Hansen et al 1999b), but in some cases fish that return to unpolluted conditions recover their olfactory function (e.g., Beyers and Farmer 2001;Baldwin et al 2003;Sandahl et al 2006), depending on the degree and extent of exposure to the metals. More recent research has revealed cases of lasting damage from short-term embryonic exposure.…”

Section: Mode Of Action Of Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Pollutants and Chemical Ecology: Exploring New Frontiers

2010

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Heavy metals are an important class of pollutants with both lethal and sublethal effects on organisms. The latter are receiving increased attention, as these may have harmful ecological outcomes. For example, recent explorations of heavy metals in freshwater habitats reveal that they can modify chemical communication between individuals, resulting in "info-disruption" that can impact ecological relationships within and between species. Info-disruption can affect animal behavior and social structure, which in turn can modify both intraspecies and interspecies interactions. In terrestrial habitats, info-disruption by metals is not well studied, but recent demonstrations of chemical signaling between plants via both roots and volatile organic molecules provide potential opportunities for info-disruption. Metals in terrestrial habitats also can form elemental plant defenses, in which they can defend a plant against natural enemies. For example, hyperaccumulation of metals by terrestrial plants has been shown to provide defensive benefits, although in almost all known cases the metals are not anthropogenic pollutants but are naturally present in soils inhabited by these plants. Info-disruption among microbes is another arena in which metal pollutants may have ecological effects, as recent discoveries regarding quorum sensing in bacteria provide an avenue for metals to affect interactions among bacteria or between bacteria and other organisms. Metal pollutants also may influence immune responses of organisms, and thus affect pathogen/host relationships. Immunomodulation (modification of immune system function) has been tied to some metal pollutants, although specific metals may boost or reduce immune system function depending on dose. Finally, the study of metal pollutants is complicated by their frequent occurrence as mixtures, either with other metals or with organic pollutants. Most studies of metal pollutants focus on single metals and therefore oversimplify complex field conditions. Study of pollutant impacts on chemical ecology also are difficult due to the necessity of studying effects at varying ecological scales: "dynamic scaling" of chemical ecology studies is rarely done completely. It is clear that much remains to be learned about how heavy metal pollution impacts organisms, and that exciting new research frontiers are available for experimental exploration.

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“…It is not clear to what extent the endocytosis observed in these experiments may be ligand specific. In a study on chum salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, whose olfactory epithelium was exposed to copper solutions, fluorescent styryl dyes (FM dyes) were used as membrane markers, and the authors concluded that the labelling of sensory neurons did not depend on the presence of an odorant (Sandahl et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing a set of olfactory sensory neurons responding to a bile salt

Døving

Hansson

Bäckström

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYIn the present study, we exposed the olfactory epithelia of crucian carp, Carassius carassius, and brown trout, Salmo trutta, to dextran coupled with Alexa dyes together with odorants. Dye uptake was severely reduced after pre-exposure to nocodazole, an inhibitor of microtubule polymerization that impairs endocytosis, supporting the hypothesis that odour-activated olfactory receptor molecules undergo endocytosis. Application of the bile acid taurolithocholate, a potent and specific odorant for fish, resulted in the labelling of a sparse (less than 3%) cell population with the typical morphology of ciliated sensory neurons (CSNs) -long dendrites and cell somata deep in the sensory epithelium. The dye was distributed throughout the sensory neuron, also revealing axons and target glomeruli. Stained axons redistribute at the entrance of the olfactory bulb and terminate in two small target areas, a dorsal and a medial one. These results are consistent with the notion that taurolithocholate is detected specifically by a few ciliated sensory neurons. Application of the olfactory epithelium of brown trout to bile acid stained cells with the appearance of CSNs. Application of an alarm agonist, hypxanthine-3-N-oxide, to crucian carp olfactory organ caused staining of another set of sensory neurons. Furthermore, our results show that odour-induced uptake of a dye can serve to identify the subtype of olfactory sensory neurons responding to a particular odorant, and to pinpoint the target regions of these neurons in the olfactory bulb as a first step to elucidating the neuronal network responding to a particular odour.

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Olfactory inhibition and recovery in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) following copper exposure

Cited by 46 publications

References 41 publications

Monitoring acute and chronic water column toxicity in the Northern Sacramento–San Joaquin Estuary, California, USA, using the euryhaline amphipod, Hyalella azteca: 2006 to 2007

Monitoring acute and chronic water column toxicity in the Northern Sacramento–San Joaquin Estuary, California, USA, using the euryhaline amphipod, Hyalella azteca: 2006 to 2007

Heavy Metal Pollutants and Chemical Ecology: Exploring New Frontiers

Visualizing a set of olfactory sensory neurons responding to a bile salt

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