Olfactory Neurocytoma ("Esthesioneuroepitheliome Olfactif") Case Arising in the Nasopharynx

King, James T.

doi:10.1001/archotol.1959.00730030743013

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Half of the patients died of intrao of distant o of local uncontrolled disease,1','5,64,68 and the rest of unknown causes, intercurrent disease, or complications of treatment. '1s9, 67 Regardless of the tumors located in this area, as soon as the tumor cells penetrate the thin cribriform plate and the dura matter, they can easily disseminate to different parts of the brain and the spine. This event is associated with an ominous prognosis.…”

Section: Absentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroblastomas and neuroendocrine carcinomas of the nasal cavity. A proposed new classification

Silva

Butler

Mackay

et al. 1982

Cancer

184

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The histologic characteristics of 29 nasal tumors previously diagnosed as neuroblastomas, unclassified carcinomas, or unclassified malignant neoplasms were reviewed. Electron microscopy was performed in 17. Nine tumors were neuroblastomas; six of these were classical neuroblastomas while the other three exhibited olfactory differentiation in addition to the classical neuroblastoma component. Areas of ganglioneuroblastoma were found in the metastasis of one of the three olfactory neuroblastomas. Twenty tumors were classified as neuroendocrine carcinoma because all showed a neuroendocrine pattern with remarkably uniform cells growing from benign glandular epithelium; membrane bound granules were present in the cytoplasm of cells of the ten cases in this group examined by electron microscopy. The mean age of the patients with neuroblastomas was 20 years; survival in this group was 75% at five and seven years, respectively, and 67% at ten years. Recurrences, metastasis, and death occurred within 3 years of diagnosis. There was a low percentage (25%) of multiple recurrences. The metastases were located in cervical lymph nodes, brain and spine. The mean age of the patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma was 50 years. Survival was 100% at five years, 88% at seven years, and 77% at ten years. Recurrences and metastasis in 70% of the cases occurred later than the third year. Multiple recurrences were present in 54% of the cases. The metastases affected lymph nodes, brain and spine in all cases except in one in which lungs and femur were involved. In the latter case adenocarcinoma was also present in addition to the neuroendocrine carcinoma. Three patients died, all more than five years from the time of diagnosis. No correlation was found between staging and prognosis in either group, except for Stage I disease.

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Section: Absentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroblastomas and neuroendocrine carcinomas of the nasal cavity. A proposed new classification

Silva

Butler

Mackay

et al. 1982

Cancer

184

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“…A database search yielded 398 unique articles, with an additional 18 articles added after reviewing the references of included articles. 2 8 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Of those 416 articles, 61 were found to be suitable for inclusion based on the previously described inclusion and exclusion criteria, representing a total of 64 patient cases. All included articles were case reports except for one case series.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectopic Olfactory Neuroblastoma: Systematic Review of a Rare Clinical Entity among Sinonasal Tumors

Lui

Badash

Tang

et al. 2022

J Neurol Surg B Skull Base

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Objectives: Ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma is an uncommon manifestation of an already rare neoplasm. We aimed to systematically review the literature for cases of ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma to better characterize this rare disease entity and to present two new case reports. Methods: A search of the PubMed and Embase databases was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines to identify English-language articles reporting cases of ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma, published from 1955 through November 2021. Results: 66 cases of ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma were identified in 62 articles including the current review. Ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma arose in a wide age range (2-89 years) without significant sex predilection. It occurred most commonly in the ethmoid (25%), maxillary (25%), and sphenoid (16%) sinuses. 73% of cases presented with low Hyams grade (I-II). The most common symptoms were nasal obstruction (32%) and epistaxis (32%). Paraneoplastic syndromes were observed in 27% of patients. The most common treatment was surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Overall, 76% of all patients were disease-free at the time of last follow-up. Locoregional recurrences and distant metastases were found in 19% and 5% of cases, respectively. Conclusions: This systematic review describes previously reported cases of ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma, a disease entity with poorly understood characteristics. Physicians should consider olfactory neuroblastoma in the differential diagnosis for sinonasal masses, as their ectopic presentation may present considerable diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Patients with olfactory neuroblastoma may benefit from long-term follow-up and routine endoscopic examinations for surveillance of ectopic recurrences.

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“…An olfactory epithelial origin is suggested by the tumor anatomical location, morphological features, and characteristic gene expression patterns 2 . ONB was first described in 1924 and named “L'esthesioneuroepitheliome olfactif.” 3 Due to lack of information on its histological origin, additional names have since been used including olfactory neurocytoma and others 4,5 . The incidence of ONB is 0.4/million/year, accounting for approximately 2%‐3% of nasal cavity tumors 6,7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 2 ONB was first described in 1924 and named “L'esthesioneuroepitheliome olfactif.” 3 Due to lack of information on its histological origin, additional names have since been used including olfactory neurocytoma and others. 4 , 5 The incidence of ONB is 0.4/million/year, accounting for approximately 2%‐3% of nasal cavity tumors. 6 , 7 To date, no specific risk factors have been identified for ONB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genomics and epigenetics of olfactory neuroblastoma: A systematic review

Kaur

Izumchenko

Blakaj

et al. 2021

Laryngoscope Investig Oto

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Background Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) or esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare malignancy of the nasal cavity believed to arise from the olfactory epithelium. The goal of this study was to systematically review the genomics, epigenetics, and cytogenetics of ONB and to understand the potential clinical implications of these studies. Methods A systematic literature review was performed for articles published before May 2020 using Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria included genomics, cytogenetics, and epigenetics studies on ONB. Exclusion criteria included studies not in English or systematic reviews. Articles and abstracts were reviewed by two independent reviewers to reduce bias during article selection and synthesis of results. Of the 36 studies included in this review, 24 were research articles and 12 were abstracts. Results Although recurrent mutations among ONB tumors are uncommon, alterations in TP53, DMD, PIK3CA, NF1, CDKN2A, CDKN2C, CTNNB1, EGFR, APC, cKIT, cMET, PDGFRA, CDH1, FH, SMAD4, FGFR3 and IDH2 genes have been reported in several recent studies. In addition, cytogenetic studies revealed that the landscape of chromosomal aberrations varies widely amongst ONB tumors. Conclusions The rare character of ONB has limited the sample size available for cytogenetic, genomic, and epigenetic studies and contributes to the limitations of this systematic review. Comprehensive genomic and epigenomic studies with larger cohorts are warranted to validate the initial reports summarized in this review and to identify potential therapeutic targets for ONB.

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Olfactory Neurocytoma ("Esthesioneuroepitheliome Olfactif") Case Arising in the Nasopharynx

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Neuroblastomas and neuroendocrine carcinomas of the nasal cavity. A proposed new classification

Neuroblastomas and neuroendocrine carcinomas of the nasal cavity. A proposed new classification

Ectopic Olfactory Neuroblastoma: Systematic Review of a Rare Clinical Entity among Sinonasal Tumors

The genomics and epigenetics of olfactory neuroblastoma: A systematic review

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