Olfactory regulation of mosquito–host interactions

Zwiebel, Laurence J.; Takken, Willem

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2004.03.017

Cited by 275 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…For example, many haematophagous insects use CO 2 to locate their animal hosts from a distance (8). Discontinuous CO 2 plumes modulate host-seeking behavior by mosquitoes (9,10), suggesting that CO 2 acts as a long-range orientation stimulus (11). Tsetse flies and biting midges also use CO 2 as a long-range attractant that can synergize the attractiveness of other host odors (12,13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Context- and scale-dependent effects of floral CO ₂ on nectar foraging by Manduca sexta

Goyret

Markwell²,

Raguso³

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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fragrance ͉ odor ͉ olfaction ͉ pollination ͉ Sphingidae A nthophilous insects use information from a variety of sensory channels to locate flowers and feed from them (1). Thus, a crucial task for studying insect-plant interactions is to identify which components of the environment provide the sensory inputs used by insects, and to what extent context and scale affect their information content (2). Whereas flower colors and patterns (3, 4), whole-flower and nectar odors (5), and even corolla shape and texture are known features used by foraging insects and other nectivorous animals (6, 7), few studies have explicitly addressed the role of flower respiratory carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as a stimulus involved in plant-pollinator interactions.Our knowledge of how insects use CO 2 as a sensory cue is derived primarily from studies of insects that vector diseases or attack crop plants. For example, many haematophagous insects use CO 2 to locate their animal hosts from a distance (8). Discontinuous CO 2 plumes modulate host-seeking behavior by mosquitoes (9, 10), suggesting that CO 2 acts as a long-range orientation stimulus (11). Tsetse flies and biting midges also use CO 2 as a long-range attractant that can synergize the attractiveness of other host odors (12, 13). However, CO 2 also functions as a close-range feeding stimulus (on the host's skin) for mosquitoes (8). CO 2 synergizes the attractiveness of some human skin odors to female yellow fever mosquitoes (14) and has been suggested to synergize triatomine bug responses to L(ϩ)-lactic acid (15).Some herbivorous insects show similar responses to CO 2 , although typically at closer range to its source than haematophagous insects. CO 2 alone is sufficient to guide Diabrotica virgifera beetle larvae toward corn roots (16), and larvae of noctuid (Helicoverpa armigera) (17) and pyralid (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) (18) moths orient to above-ambient CO 2 sources. Females of the pyralid moth Cactoblastis cactorum search for CO 2 sinks on photosynthetic stem surfaces of Opuntia stricta, as indicators of high carbon fixation activity (19). In this case, CO 2 gradients are used as close-range stimuli, as is true for tephritid flies that oviposit on fruit wounds, which provide a localized source of CO 2 and other olfactory oviposition stimulants (20). Finally, responses to CO 2 may be context-dependent. Tephritid flies respond to CO 2 when presented with a fruit-like visual stimulus (20). Within a certain concentration range, Drosophila melanogaster adults and larvae are repelled by CO 2 , and it has been suggested that these responses depend on the olfactory context (21).It is clear from the studies reviewed above that CO 2 may function alone or in concert with host odors, at a distance or at close range, via several behavioral mechanisms. Recent studies suggest that CO 2 may also contribute to the interactions between flowers and insect pollinators. Floral CO 2 is primarily associated with elevated respiratory activity in thermogenic flowers, including deceptive flowers that mim...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Context- and scale-dependent effects of floral CO ₂ on nectar foraging by Manduca sexta

Goyret

Markwell²,

Raguso³

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Through the use of its Olfactory Receptor Neurons (ORNs), the A. Gambiae responds to a myriad of chemicals to perform functions such as host-seeking and nectar feeding [4,8,9]. The antenna and maxillary palp of the A. Gambiae, as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: A the Mosquito Olfactory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of artificial neural networks on mosquito Olfactory Receptor Neurons for an olfactory biosensor

Bachtiar

Unsworth

Newcomb

2013

2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

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Various odorants such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and 1-octen-3-ol, underlie the host-seeking behaviors of the major malaria vector Anopheles Gambiae. Highlighted by the olfactory processing strength of the mosquito, such a powerful olfactory sense could serve as the sensors of an artificial olfactory biosensor. In this work, we use the firing rates of the A. Gambiae mosquito Olfactory Receptor Neurons (ORNs), to train an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the classification of volatile odorants into their known chemical classes and assess their suitability for an olfactory biosensor. With the implementation of bootstrapping, a more representative result was obtained wherein we demonstrate the training of a hybrid ANN consisting of an array of Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) with optimal number of hidden neurons. The ANN system was able to correctly class 90.1% of the previously unseen odorants, thus demonstrating very strong evidence for the use of A. Gambiae olfactory receptors coupled with an ANN as an olfactory biosensor.

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“…For example, the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, locates human hosts for blood feeding through its ability to detect multiple chemical cues emanating from our skin, including lactic acid and ammonia, and carbon dioxide in our breath [13]. In the hawkmoth, Manduca sexta, trace quantities of female pheromones are sufficient to induce the male to initiate stereotyped flight behaviours, often over several miles, in pursuit of its potential mate [14].…”

Section: Odorant Receptors In Drosophila: a Model -Or Novel -Organism?mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the ORigin of smell: odorant receptors in insects

Benton

2006

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

112

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Olfaction, the sense of smell, depends on large, divergent families of odorant receptors that detect odour stimuli in the nose and transform them into patterns of neuronal activity that are recognised in the brain. The olfactory circuits in mammals and insects display striking similarities in their sensory physiology and neuroanatomy, which has suggested that odours are perceived by a conserved mechanism. Here I review recent revelations of significant structural and functional differences between the Drosophila and mammalian odorant receptor proteins and discuss the implications for our understanding of the evolutionary and molecular biology of the insect odorant receptors.

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Olfactory regulation of mosquito–host interactions

Cited by 275 publications

References 81 publications

Context- and scale-dependent effects of floral CO ₂ on nectar foraging by Manduca sexta

Context- and scale-dependent effects of floral CO ₂ on nectar foraging by Manduca sexta

Application of artificial neural networks on mosquito Olfactory Receptor Neurons for an olfactory biosensor

On the ORigin of smell: odorant receptors in insects

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Olfactory regulation of mosquito–host interactions

Cited by 275 publications

References 81 publications

Context- and scale-dependent effects of floral CO 2 on nectar foraging by Manduca sexta

Context- and scale-dependent effects of floral CO 2 on nectar foraging by Manduca sexta

Application of artificial neural networks on mosquito Olfactory Receptor Neurons for an olfactory biosensor

On the ORigin of smell: odorant receptors in insects

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Context- and scale-dependent effects of floral CO ₂ on nectar foraging by Manduca sexta

Context- and scale-dependent effects of floral CO ₂ on nectar foraging by Manduca sexta