Olfactory response of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to volatiles induced by transgenic maize

Abstract

Plants not only respond to herbivorous damage but adjust their defense system after egg deposition by pest insects. Thereby, parasitoids use oviposition-induced plant volatiles to locate their hosts. We investigated the olfactory behavioral responses of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to volatile blends emitted by maize (Zea mays L.) with singular and stacked events after oviposition by Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) moths. Additionally, we examined possible variations in gene expression and on oviposition-induced volatiles. We used a Y-tube olfactometer to test for the wasp responses to volatiles released by maize plants oviposited by S. frugiperda and not-oviposited plants. Using the real-time PCR technique (qRT-PCR), we analyzed the expression of lipoxygenase and three terpene synthases genes, which are enzymes involved in the synthesis of volatile compounds that attract parasitoids of S. frugiperda. Olfactometer tests showed that T. pretiosum is strongly attracted by volatiles from transgenic maize emitted by S. frugiperda oviposition (VTPRO 3, more than 75% individuals were attracted). The relative expression of genes TPS10, LOX e STC was higher in transgenic hybrids than in the conventional (isogenic line) hybrids. The GC-MS analysis revealed that some volatile compounds are released exclusively by transgenic maize. This study provides evidence that transgenic hybrids enhanced chemical cues under oviposition-induction and helped to increase T. pretiosum efficiency in S. frugiperda control. This finding shows that among the evaluated hybrids, genetically modified hybrids can improve the biological control programs, since they potentialize the egg parasitoid foraging, integrating pest management.

Análise comparativa do perfil de compostos orgânicos voláteis de pimenta rosa e de aroeira do sertão

“…et al, 2021. As vantagens desse método de extração estão associadas ao seu baixo custo analítico, simplicidade, ausência de solventes e pela alta capacidade de adsorção de diferentes classes de compostos resultante dos diversos tipos de revestimentos das fibras SPME e podendo ser empregado para analisar matrizes complexas como acerola (GARCÍA et al, 2019), cagaita (RODRIGUES et al, 2021SILVA et al, 2019;SILVA et al, 2020;), callistemo (OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR, 2020, cambuí (GARCÍA et al, 2021), cerveja (PEREIRA et al 2021), grumixama (RAMOS et al, 2020RAMOS et al, 2021), kiwi (ASSUNÇÃO et al, 2020, manga (RAMOS, et al, 2021a, RAMOS et al, 2021b, milho (BOTTI et al, 2019;FRANZIN et al, 2020;NASCIMENTO, P. T. et al, 2021), pequi (SANTOS et al, 2020), pera do cerrado (MARIANO et al, 2020), soja (ROCHA. et al, 2019;BUENO et al, 2021), uva (MAZZINGHY, A. C. et al, 2021VIANA et al, 2018).…”

Profile of the volatile organic compounds of pink pepper and black pepper

“…This method, developed by Arthur and Pawliszyn (1990), uses the principle of "green chemistry", since it requires a small amount of sample and does not use organic solvents, and can be used direct extraction mode or in headspace mode (HS-SPME). A great advantage of HS-SPME is its high capacity for adsorption of different classes of compounds, duo to the diversity of applicable coatings of SPME fibers, and it can be used to analyze complex matrices such as acerola, cagaita, callistemon, cambuí, beer, grumixama, pequi, corn, as well as spices such as black pepper and pink pepper, species which will be analyzed in this work (Franzin et al, 2020;Figueiredo et al, 2021;Srinivasan, 2008;García et al, 2019;Rodrigues et al, 2021;Silva et al, 2019;Silva et al, 2020;Oliveira Júnior, 2020;García et al, 2021;Pereira et al 2021;Ramos et al, 2020;Assunção et al, 2020;Ramos, et al, 2021a;Ramos et al, 2021b;Botti et al, 2019;Nascimento et al, 2021a;Nascimento et al, 2021b;Santos et al, 2020;Mariano et al, 2020;Rocha et al, 2019;Bueno et al, 2021;Mazzinghy et al, 2021;Viana et al, 2018).…”

Profile of Myracrodruon urundeuva Volatile Compounds Ease of Extraction and Biodegradability and In Silico Evaluation of Their Interactions with COX-1 and iNOS

“…Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a technique that has been substantially successful in profiling volatile compounds with a low economic and environmental burden [ 30 , 31 ]. SPME consists of the analyte partitioning between the sample and an extracting microcomponent, constituting a polymeric phase that can be solid or liquid that involves a fused silica fiber [ 32 ]. Relatively to the advantages of this technique, it is noteworthy that it does not demand sophisticated analytical tools, in addition to organic solvents dispensing and enabling the reuse of the extraction fibers [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”