Olfactory Sensitivity during Parr and Smolt Developmental Stages of Coho Salmon

Rehnberg, Bradley G.; Jonasson, Brian C.; Schreck, Carl B.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1985)114<732:osdpas>2.0.co;2

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…During the following fall and winter, olfactory receptor cells were isolated from both PEA-exposed and PEA-naive fish using previously described procedures (17). Isolated cells were tested for responsiveness to either PEA or L-serine, a well-established, innate olfactory repellant for salmonids (23,24). In addition, we performed behavioral experiments on the same cohort to confirm the success of our imprinting paradigm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a peripheral olfactory memory in imprinted salmon.

Nevitt

Dittman

Quinn

et al. 1994

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

128

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The remarkable homing ability of salmon relies on olfactory cues, but its cellular basis is unknown. To test the role of peripheral olfactory receptors in odorant memory retention, we imprinted coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to micromolar concentrations of phenyl ethyl alcohol during parr-smolt transformation. The following year, we measured phenyl ethyl alcohol responses in the peripheral receptor cells using patch clamp. Cells from imprinted fish showed increased sensitivity to phenyl ethyl alcohol compared either to cells from naive fish or to sensitivity to another behaviorally important odorant (L-serine). Field experiments verified an increased behavioral preference for phenyl ethyl alcohol by imprinted salmon as adults. Thus, some component of the imprinted olfactory homestream memory appears to be retained peripherally. Despite the extensive behavioral evidence linking olfactory imprinting to salmon homing, attempts to trace the neurobiological basis of homestream memory and recognition have proven inconclusive. Studies using electroolfactogram recordings have reported that imprinted fish show significantly greater responses to specific imprinted odorants than do nonimprinted fish (6, 7), but other researchers have claimed that these "imprinted" odorants consistently fail to elicit increased electrical activity at the level of the olfactory bulb in imprinted as compared to nonimprinted fish (8-10).In this study, we have combined patch clamp recording and behavioral imprinting assays to test directly the hypothesis that a change in the sensitivity of peripheral olfactory receptor cells contributes to establishing an olfactory memory in salmon. Our results demonstrate that plasticity in the peripheral olfactory system at the receptor cell level is linked to olfactory imprinting (11,12). METHODSAll investigations were performed on coho salmon spawned from the University of Washington's School of Fisheries stock. Details of imprinting paradigms, electrophysiological techniques, and behavioral methods are given below.Imprinting Procedures. Determination ofparr-smolt transformation. To achieve parr-smolt transformation by the first spring (0-age), fish were maintained at slightly elevated water temperatures (14-160C) and fed ad libitum. Fish were handculled to avoid exposing them to harsh drugs or other chemicals commonly used as disease preventatives in salmon culture. Parr-smolt transformation was determined by coloration changes, a behavioral tendency to orient downstream, and the ability of fish to maintain blood plasma Na+ levels to within 5% during a 48-hr exposure to salt water (freshwater exposure: 152.9 ± 1.2 meq of Na+ per liter of blood plasma, n = 10; saltwater exposure: 159.0 ± 1.7 meq ofNa+ per liter ofblood plasma, n = 8) (13-15). To determine plasma Na+ levels, salmon were transferred from their rearing hatchery (130C) to holding tanks containing either aerated fresh filtered hatchery or sea water (27 ppt; 120C). After 48 hr, blood was collected using heparinized capillary tubes and...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a peripheral olfactory memory in imprinted salmon.

Nevitt

Dittman

Quinn

et al. 1994

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

128

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“…The Y-maze was constructed following the methods of Rehnberg et al (1985). However, the size was scaled for smaller fish.…”

Section: Behavioral Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal toxicity of chlorpyrifos to salmonid olfaction after hypersaline acclimation

et al. 2015

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“…It is unlikely that the fish used in the current experiment were reacting to injured conspecific odour alone. Adult and juvenile coho sometimes show a fright reaction (Brett and MacKinnon 1954) thought to be mediated by two amino acids present in mammalian skin, L-serine (Idler et al 1956) and L-alanine (Rehnberg et al 1985), but our experimental procedures precluded such contamination of the water (see Materials and methods). To our knowledge, the presence of these two amino acids has not been reported in birds, but if they are present in merganser skin it could explain our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perceived mortality risk could presumably be affected by varying the concentration o f merganser odour, but a detailed study o f the chemoreception thresholds o f coho would have to be conducted first (e.g. Rehnberg et al 1985). Competitor density (and thus, the cost o f failure to behave aggressively enough) could be altered by varying the n u m b e r and placement o f mirrors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feeding and aggressive behaviours in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) under chemically-mediated risk of predation

Martel

Dill

1993

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)spend the first year of their lives in their natal streams, where they may often hold feeding territories. They also face significant risk of predation by birds and fish, and should alter their behaviour to reduce risk of mortality when these predators are present. Although there is laboratory evidence that coho react to predator visual stimuli, chemoreception of avian predator presence has not previously been reported. We tested the influence of chemical stimuli of common merganser (Mergus merganser), preying on juvenile coho, on two aspects of coho territorial behaviour, foraging and aggression, in flowthrough aquaria. After a mixture of merganser-and coho-conditioned water was introduced into the system, juvenile coho significantly reduced their attack distance on drifting prey. The fish also significantly decreased their aggressive behaviour directed towards mirrors (total number of acts, intensity of acts and time spent) when the same odour was present. They did not change their behaviour in either experiment after control introductions of water treated with fish alone. These results are interpreted within the framework of a trade-off between juvenile growth and mortality.

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Olfactory Sensitivity during Parr and Smolt Developmental Stages of Coho Salmon

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Evidence for a peripheral olfactory memory in imprinted salmon.

Evidence for a peripheral olfactory memory in imprinted salmon.

Sublethal toxicity of chlorpyrifos to salmonid olfaction after hypersaline acclimation

Feeding and aggressive behaviours in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) under chemically-mediated risk of predation

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