Oligodendrogenesis: The role of iron

Badaracco, Maria; Siri, María Victoria Rosato; Pasquini, Juana M.

doi:10.1002/biof.90

Cited by 56 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Iron is a basic element of haemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes and many other enzymes. ID has been associated with different neurological problems including: restless leg syndrome (31), impaired auditory or visual evoked potentials (32), breathholding spells (33), strokes (34) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (35). Iron participates in cerebral energy production and is important for myelin formation by oligodendrocytes (36), for the metabolism inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA (37) and for the metabolism of monoaminesneurotransmitters (dopamine, nor-epinephrine, serotonin), acting as a co-factor of tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase and aldehidoxidase (38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between iron deficiency and febrile seizures

Papageorgiou

Vargiami

Kontopoulos

et al. 2015

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology

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Highlights• Greek children with FS have lower levels of plasma ferritin and higher levels of TIBC than controls, implying an association with iron deficiency although haemoglobin levels were non-significantly higher• In children with complex FS, the levels of plasma ferritin are significantly lower and TIBC significantly higher than controls.• Children in whom the index febrile seizure was a recurrence were more likely to be iron deficient but with a higher haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin concentration than those with a first seizure Conclusions: European children with febrile seizures have lower Ferritin than those with fever alone, and iron deficiency, but not anaemia, is associated with recurrence. Iron status screening should be considered as routine for children presenting with or at high risk for febrile seizures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between iron deficiency and febrile seizures

Papageorgiou

Vargiami

Kontopoulos

et al. 2015

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology

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“…28,29 Oligodendrocytes might extract iron from adjacent blood vessels 30 or uptake it from interstitial ferritin through the ferritin receptor. 16 Little is known about iron metabolism in microglia but, in the course of microglial activation, iron uptake is thought to increase and iron exportation is down-regulated.…”

Section: Regulation Of Cellular Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31,32 Iron is mostly found as ferritin and transferrin in oligodendrocytes, 28,33 whereas, in astrocytes and microglia the iron form remains undefined. 29 …”

Section: Regulation Of Cellular Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders

Ward¹,

Zucca²,

Duyn³

et al. 2014

The Lancet Neurology

1,423

1,278

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In the CNS, iron in several proteins is involved in many important processes such as oxygen transportation, oxidative phosphorylation, myelin production, and the synthesis and metabolism of neurotransmitters. Abnormal iron homoeostasis can induce cellular damage through hydroxyl radical production, which can cause the oxidation and modification of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA. During ageing, different iron complexes accumulate in brain regions associated with motor and cognitive impairment. In various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, changes in iron homoeostasis result in altered cellular iron distribution and accumulation. MRI can often identify these changes, thus providing a potential diagnostic biomarker of neurodegenerative diseases. An important avenue to reduce iron accumulation is the use of iron chelators that are able to cross the blood–brain barrier, penetrate cells, and reduce excessive iron accumulation, thereby affording neuroprotection.

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“…Last but not least, myelination requires adequate levels of iron (Todorich et al, 2009), and the oligodendrocytes that produce myelin maintain the highest iron concentrations of the brain (Connor et al, 1990; Connor and Menzies, 1995). Iron is a required co-factor for the synthesis of lipid components of myelin, and is further required for oligodendrocyte development (Badaracco et al, 2010; Todorich et al, 2009). …”

Section: Iron Cellular Role: a Critical Balance Between Physiologimentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of iron, dopamine and neuromelanin pathways in brain aging and Parkinson's disease

Zucca

Segura‐Aguilar

Ferrari

et al. 2017

Progress in Neurobiology

547

482

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There are several interrelated mechanisms involving iron, dopamine, and neuromelanin in neurons. Neuromelanin accumulates during aging and is the catecholamine-derived pigment of the dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra and norepinephrine neurons of the locus coeruleus, the two neuronal populations most targeted in Parkinson’s disease. Many cellular redox reactions rely on iron, however an altered distribution of reactive iron is cytotoxic. In fact, increased levels of iron in the brain of Parkinson’s disease patients are present. Dopamine accumulation can induce neuronal death; however, excess dopamine can be removed by converting it into a stable compound like neuromelanin, and this process rescues the cell. Interestingly, the main iron compound in dopamine and norepinephrine neurons is the neuromelanin-iron complex, since neuromelanin is an effective metal chelator. Neuromelanin serves to trap iron and provide neuronal protection from oxidative stress. This equilibrium between iron, dopamine, and neuromelanin is crucial for cell homeostasis and in some cellular circumstances can be disrupted. Indeed, when neuromelanin-containing organelles accumulate high load of toxins and iron during aging a neurodegenerative process can be triggered. In addition, neuromelanin released by degenerating neurons activates microglia and the latter cause neurons death with further release of neuromelanin, then starting a self-propelling mechanism of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Considering the above issues, age-related accumulation of neuromelanin in dopamine neurons shows an interesting link between aging and neurodegeneration.

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Oligodendrogenesis: The role of iron

Cited by 56 publications

References 30 publications

Association between iron deficiency and febrile seizures

Association between iron deficiency and febrile seizures

The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders

Interactions of iron, dopamine and neuromelanin pathways in brain aging and Parkinson's disease

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