Oligomeric and polymeric procyanidins from grape seeds

Chemoprevention of photocarcinogenesis by selected dietary botanicals

“…Seeds are potent source of proanthocyanidins or procyanidins, which are mainly composed of dimers, trimers and highly polymerized oligomers of monomeric catechins. 71, 72 Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) are potent and better antioxidants and free radical scavengers than ascorbic acid and vitamin E. 73, 74 Bouhamidi et al 75 have observed that GSP treatment inhibits the UVC-induced peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in vitro at very low physiologically attainable concentrations (2 mg L −1 ) and that this effect was better than that of epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin gallate monomers at equivalent levels. The first evidence for the prevention of UV-induced skin cancer by GSP came from our laboratory.…”

Effect of Cap Management Technique on the Concentration of Proanthocyanidins in Muscat Bailey A Wine

“…PAs in grape berry are composed of flavan-3-ol subunits, such as catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin (Prieur et al, 1994;Souquet et al, 1996;. Interflavan bonds are formed between the C4-C8 or C4-C6 positions of the monomer to produce polymerized compounds.…”

“…Interflavan bonds are formed between the C4-C8 or C4-C6 positions of the monomer to produce polymerized compounds. The mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of PAs is reported to be approximately 2 to 17 in seed and 2 to 85 in skin (Prieur et al, 1994;Monagas et al, 2003;Mattivi et al, 2008). Grape variety, ripening stage, vineyard location, and vintage affect the amount and the chemical structure of PAs Monagas et al, 2003;Mattivi et al, 2008;Hanlin and Downey, 2009).…”

Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Flavan-3-OL Derivatives from Grape Seeds

“…Flavan-3-ols are mainly represented by (+)-catechin, ( _ )-epicatechin and ( _ )-epicatechin-3-O-gallate. Among the proanthocyanidin, the dimers (dimer B1 and B2) are usually most abundant compounds in seeds (Prieur et al, 1994).Sample preparation is a primary and critical aspect of flavan-3-ol analysis. Conventional solvent extraction is the initial step in the processing of plant extracts rich in phenolic compounds prior to analysis.…”

“…Flavan-3-ols are mainly represented by (+)-catechin, ( _ )-epicatechin and ( _ )-epicatechin-3-O-gallate. Among the proanthocyanidin, the dimers (dimer B1 and B2) are usually most abundant compounds in seeds (Prieur et al, 1994).…”