Oligomerization of 1-decene over sulfated alumina catalysts for the production of synthetic fuels and lubricants: modelling and verification

Echaroj, Snunkhaem; Santikunaporn, Malee; Chavadej, Sumaeth

doi:10.1007/s11144-017-1164-4

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The differences in the activity results of all test zeolites are related to their specific surface areas, pore size, and framework structure. Among the three zeolites, USY contained the largest pore volume, pore diameter, and a cage-like framework, which provided a more effective internal diffusion of reactant and oligomer products, resulting in higher selectivity for trimers and heavier hydrocarbons. , This was confirmed by our previous work on the oligomerization of 1-decene over sulfated alumina . The spent zeolite catalysts after 4 h of the reaction turned from white to very dark brown color, especially for USY zeolite catalyst, indicating the formation of hard coke in the catalyst pores …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…62,63 This was confirmed by our previous work on the oligomerization of 1decene over sulfated alumina. 64 The spent zeolite catalysts after 4 h of the reaction turned from white to very dark brown color, especially for USY zeolite catalyst, indicating the formation of hard coke in the catalyst pores. 65 Three feedstocks with different compositions of 1-decene, 1decanol, and internal olefins were used for the oligomerization reaction to evaluate their effects on catalytic activity and product loss via the cracking reaction.…”

Section: T H Imentioning

confidence: 97%

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Transformation of Bioderived 1-Decanol to Diesel-like Fuel and Biobased Oil via Dehydration and Oligomerization Reactions

2017

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The production of diesel-like fuel and base oil from bioderived fatty alcohol through a two-steps process, dehydration reaction and oligomerization reaction, was studied. The bioderived 1-decanol was converted to olefin mixtures and di-n-decyl ether via the dehydration over commercial γ-alumina catalysts with and without acid modification in a fixed-bed reactor at different temperatures. The catalysts studied were characterized using nitrogen adsorption, temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The dehydration reaction over the unmodified Al 2 O 3 was found to be dominant toward the selectivity for 1-decene. The modified Al 2 O 3 was shown to promote skeletal internal isomerization and cracking reaction due to strong acid sites. Furthermore, the stability testing results of 1.5 M (H 2 SO 4 )/Al 2 O 3 at 573 K demonstrated a rapid deactivation of strong acid sites during the first 10 h of operation. Oligomerization of mixed olefins (1decanol, 1-decene, and internal olefin) over USY zeolite was found to give the highest conversion of 60%, compared to other zeolites, and the selectivities for dimers, trimers, and heavier hydrocarbons were 72, 24, and 4%, respectively. Evaluation of oligomers properties such as viscosity, viscosity index, simulation distillation, and pour point indicated that dimers and heavier hydrocarbons after hydrogenation can be used as transportation fuel and biobased oil.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: T H Imentioning

confidence: 97%

Transformation of Bioderived 1-Decanol to Diesel-like Fuel and Biobased Oil via Dehydration and Oligomerization Reactions

2017

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“…Long chain alkenes, especially 1-decene can be used to produce synthetic lubricant base stock. 1-Decene can be prepared from 1-decanol derived from the hydrogenation of fatty acids of renewable vegetable oils [1]. 1-Decene is also in a liquid state and much easier to handle compared with ethylene gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Lewis acid catalysis, oligomerization is activated by a hydrogen donor agent such as water, called cationic oligomerization [3]. Other agents for oligomerization include heterogeneous acid catalysts such as sulfatedalumina [1], tungsten-zirconia [4] and zeolite [5] that are cheaper than other types of catalysts. One important feature of zeolite catalysts is that their inner structure can be manipulated to tailor products [6,7], while spent zeolite catalysts can be simply regenerated via chemical or thermal treatment [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study on Microwave-Assisted Oligomerization of 1-Decene over a HY Catalyst

et al. 2021

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A promising production route for a high-quality base stock for lubricants is the oligomerization of high molecular-weight olefins in a high energy efficiency system. Oligomerization of 1-decene (C10) was conducted in a microwave-assisted system over a HY zeolite catalyst at different reaction temperatures and times. Higher reaction temperature resulted in increasing formation of dimers and trimers. The oligomerization reaction yielded 80% conversion, 54.2% dimer product, 22.3% trimer product and 3.4% heavier product at 483 K for a reaction time of 3 h. The best fit kinetic model for the dimerization reaction was formulated from an assumption of no vacant reaction sites. For the trimerization reaction, a molecule of dimer (C20) formed on the active site, interacted with a molecule of 1-decene in the bulk solution to form a molecule of trimer (C30). Apparent activation energies for the dimerization and trimerization reactions were 70.8 ± 0.8 and 83.6 ± 0.9 kJ/mol, respectively. The C13-NMR spectrum indicated that the oligomer product contained a significant portion of highly branched hydrocarbons, causing a substantial reduction in the viscosity index compared to conventional poly-alpha olefin lubricant (PAO).

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“…The foresaid catalysts are classified in the category of the heterogeneous acid catalysts. According to the determined mechanism for oligomerization of olefins with heterogeneous acid catalysts, the reaction is initiated when olefin molecules are transformed to carbenium ions on Brønsted acid sites and further combine with olefin molecules in the bulk solution to form larger molecules . Huang and coworkers synthesized 1‐decene‐based lubricants by employing Ziegler‐Natta catalyst and silica as a support.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly efficient supported AlCl₃‐based cationic catalysts to produce polyα‐olefin oil base stocks

Dehghani

Hanifpour

Nekoomanesh‐Haghighi

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The main aim of this research is to decrease the amount of AlCl3 content that is very corrosive and hazardous in the catalytic system, required for the α‐olefin oligomerization without substantial change of final oil features. This was successfully achieved by supporting AlCl3 on different carriers. More precisely, a series of supported bimetallic catalysts was synthesized by immobilization of AlCl3 and TiCl4 onto Al2O3, SiO2, and mixed supports, that is, Al2O3/FeCl3 and SiO2/FeCl3. It was found that silica and alumina‐based catalysts had higher catalytic activities compared to support free AlCl3; however, this enhancement for silica‐based supports was more significant. According to gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results, the use of single supports, that is, Al2O3 and SiO2, increased oligomer's molecular weight, while the application of mixed supports resulted in the decrease of molecular weight of the oligomers. Viscosity characteristics of the synthesized oligomers have also been studied at two different temperatures of 40 and 100°C (KV40 and KV100). The viscosity index (VI) values, derived from KV40 and KV100, of the prepared oligomers were in the range of 126–145. The molecular weight and termination mechanisms of the oligomers were studied by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The obtained results disclosed that the employed reaction conditions led to the production of oligomer chains with various structures including vinylidene (Vd), and di and three‐substituted vinylene (2Vn, 3Vn) structures.

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Oligomerization of 1-decene over sulfated alumina catalysts for the production of synthetic fuels and lubricants: modelling and verification

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Transformation of Bioderived 1-Decanol to Diesel-like Fuel and Biobased Oil via Dehydration and Oligomerization Reactions

Transformation of Bioderived 1-Decanol to Diesel-like Fuel and Biobased Oil via Dehydration and Oligomerization Reactions

Kinetic Study on Microwave-Assisted Oligomerization of 1-Decene over a HY Catalyst

Highly efficient supported AlCl₃‐based cationic catalysts to produce polyα‐olefin oil base stocks

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Oligomerization of 1-decene over sulfated alumina catalysts for the production of synthetic fuels and lubricants: modelling and verification

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Transformation of Bioderived 1-Decanol to Diesel-like Fuel and Biobased Oil via Dehydration and Oligomerization Reactions

Transformation of Bioderived 1-Decanol to Diesel-like Fuel and Biobased Oil via Dehydration and Oligomerization Reactions

Kinetic Study on Microwave-Assisted Oligomerization of 1-Decene over a HY Catalyst

Highly efficient supported AlCl3‐based cationic catalysts to produce polyα‐olefin oil base stocks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Highly efficient supported AlCl₃‐based cationic catalysts to produce polyα‐olefin oil base stocks