Oligonucleotide Fingerprint Analysis of Coxsackievirus A10 Isolated in Japan

Kamahora, Toshio; Itagaki, Asao; Hattori, Naohiko; Tsuchie, Hideaki; Kurimura, Takashi

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-66-12-2627

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We assumed this was due to formation of secondary structures among some of the T1-digested oligonucleotides, which affected the relative efficiency of the kinase reaction. Similar observations have been noted for other RNA viruses (Frisby 1977, Stephenson & Ter Meulen 1982, Kamahora et al 1985, Kusters et al 1987. The pres- ence of several small genetic subpopulations (a result of the high mutation rate of RNA viruses) in addition to the dominant population (quasispecies) may also be a factor (Steinhauer et al 1989b).…”

supporting

confidence: 56%

Genetic comparison of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus isolates from North America and Europe

Oshima¹,

Higman²,

Arakawa³

et al. 1993

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is the cdusative agent of a serious rhabdoviral d~s e a s e of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus myklss in Europe The first isolation of the vlrus in North Amenca occurred In the fall of 1988 when it was recovered from adult chinook 0 tshawytscha and coho 0 klsutch salmon returning to 2 hatcher~es in the state of Washington, USA The following year, VHSV was isolated from adult coho salmon at 2 other hatcher~es in northwestern Washington In 1990 and 1991, VHSV was recovered from Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus caught in Pnnce Willlam Sound, Alaska Genetic vanation among the 4 isolates from salmon and the 1990 ~solate from Pacific cod was d e t e r m~n e d uslng T1 nbonuclease finqerprlnt~ng In addition, 4 d~v e r s e isolates from Europe were lncluded for companson The North Amencan isolates of VHSV formed a slngle fingerprint group In which the 4 isolates from salmonids were h~g h l y similar to each other and the isolate from Pacific cod was related but less s~milar The 4 European ~solates which included an isolate from Atlantic cod G morhua, formed a second fingerpnnt group The genetic d~v e r s~t y among the isolates within each fingerpnnt group was estimated to be less than 5 % whlle the North Amencan and European strains of the virus were judged to differ by more than 5 % The results indicate that the North Amerlcan isolates of VHSV are not of European ongln and that the virus may be enzootic wlthin the m a n n e environment

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supporting

confidence: 56%

Genetic comparison of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus isolates from North America and Europe

Oshima¹,

Higman²,

Arakawa³

et al. 1993

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Previous study indicated that other enteroviruses were frequently detected in specimens collected from patients who presented with HFMD. For instance, CVA10 were isolated from patients with HFMD in New Zealand in 1957 [ 19 ]. The first report of HFMD caused by CVA6 was documented in Finland in 2008, after that, reports of outbreaks caused by CVA6 have increased worldwide such as in Taiwan, France and Guangzhou [ 20 – 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of Multiple Non-EV71 and Non-CVA16 Enteroviruses Associated with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Jinan, China, 2009—June 2013

Guan

Wang

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious disease caused by human enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) and other enteroviruses. It is of interest that other enteroviruses associated with HFMD in Jinan have been rarely reported. The aim of the present study is to detect and characterize the circulating serotypes of non-EV71 and non-CVA16 enteroviruses associated with HFMD in Jinan city, Shandong province, China. A total of 400 specimens were collected from clinically diagnosed HFMD cases in Jinan from January 2009 to June 2013. All specimens were infected with non-EV71 and non-CVA16 enteroviruses previously confirmed by RT-PCR or real-time PCR according to the protocols at that time. The GeXP-based multiplex RT-PCR assay (GeXP assay) was performed to investigate the pathogen spectrum of 15 enteroviruses (coxsackieviruses A4, A5, A6, A9, A10, A16; coxsackieviruses B1, B3, B5; Echoviruses 6, 7, 11, 13, 19 and EV71) infections associated with HMFD. For GeXP assay negative samples, reverse transcription nested PCR (nested RT-PCR) based on the 5’ -untranslated region (5’- UTR) sequence and phylogenetic analysis were conducted to further explore the etiology of multiple enteroviruses. The results showed that a total of twenty serotypes of enteroviruses (including EV71 and CVA16) were identified by GeXP assay and nested RT-PCR. The most circulating twelve serotypes of enteroviruses with HFMD in Jinan from 2009 to June 2013 were EV71, CVA16, CVA10, CVA6, CVA12, CVA2, Echo3, CVA4, CVA9, CVB1, CVB3 and Echo6. CVA10 and CVA6 were the most prevalent pathogens other than EV71 and CVA16 in Jinan and their most prevalent seasons were spring and summer, and a slight increase was observed in autumn and early winter. It should be noted that mixed-infections were identified by GeXP assay and the phylogenetic tree clearly discriminated the multiple pathogens associated with HFMD. Our results thus demonstrate that there was a clear lack of a reliable testing method for EV71 and CVA16 and multiple non-EV71 and non-CVA16 enteroviruses associated with HFMD were present in Jinan. The GeXP assay combined with nested RT-PCR based on 5’-UTR region could meet the need for the national surveillance of multiple enteroviruses or the investigation of epidemic outbreaks triggered by enteroviruses in the future.

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“…HFMD epidemics have primarily been associated with CVA16 or enterovirus 71 infections; those caused by enterovirus 71 have occurred more frequently in Southeast Asia and Australia in recent years ( 12 ). Reportedly, CVA10 has been found in minor outbreaks; other coxsackievirus A types have been found in only sporadic cases of HFMD ( 2 , 3 ). In general, CVA6 infections have been seldom detected and mostly in association with herpangina ( 13 , 14 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Outbreaks of HFMD have been mainly caused by 2 types of enterovirus A species, coxsackievirus (CV) A16 (CVA16) or enterovirus 71 ( 1 ). Some outbreaks have been associated with CVA10, but only sporadic cases involving other members of the enterovirus A species have been reported ( 2 , 3 ). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%