Oligosaccharides from agar inhibit murine intestinal inflammation through the induction of heme oxygenase-1 expression

Higashimura, Yasuki; Naito, Yuji; Takagi, Tomohisa; Mizushima, Katsura; Hirai, Yasuko; Harusato, Akihito; Ohnogi, Hiromu; Yamaji, Ryoichi; Inui, Hiroshi; Nakano, Yoshihisa; Yoshikawa, Toshikazu

doi:10.1007/s00535-012-0719-4

Cited by 75 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…We note that diet has been shown to alter microbiota composition and heme oxygenase 1 expression in infants 24 and, more specifically, that oligosaccharides have been found to induce heme oxygenase-1 expression in macrophages and inhibit inflammation in a murine colitis model. 25 We speculate that dietary changes can in fact influence microbiota urobilin production, though further work is needed in this area. The differences seen may lend further support to underlying differences in microbiome composition being present between the two responder groups as urobilin production is dependent on microbial degradation pathways and specifically production of L-urobilin is associated with different microbiota than that of D-urobilin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota influences low fermentable substrate diet efficacy in children with irritable bowel syndrome

et al. 2014

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota influences low fermentable substrate diet efficacy in children with irritable bowel syndrome

et al. 2014

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“…Agarose, the main component of polysaccharides in agar, is hydrolyzed easily in acetic conditions to yield water soluble oligosaccharides (10). The resultant oligosaccharides, which are agaro-oligosaccharides (AGOs; Agaphytose TM ), have been investigated widely in terms of their structure and bioactivity (11)(12)(13)(14). A recent report has described AGOs as preventing gut dysbiosis in mice without influence in the obese phenotype and serum metabolic parameters in abnormal high-fat dietfed conditions (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Agaro-Oligosaccharides Regulate Gut Microbiota and Adipose Tissue Accumulation in Mice

Higashimura

Baba

Inoüe

et al. 2017

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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Summary Gut microbiota are deeply associated with the prevalence of obesity. Agarose is hydrolyzed easily to yield oligosaccharides, designated as agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO). This study evaluated the effects of AGO on obese phenotype and gut microbial composition in mice. Mice were administered AGO in drinking water (AGO-receiving mice). 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses revealed their fecal microbiota profiles. Serum bile acids were ascertained using a LC-MS/MS system. Compared to the control group, AGO administration significantly reduced epididymal adipose tissue weights and serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, but the cecal content weights were increased. Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses showed that the relative abundances of 15 taxa differed significantly in AGO-receiving mice. Of these, the relative abundances of Rikenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae were found to be positively correlated with epididymal adipose tissue weight. The relative abundances of Bacteroides and Ruminococcus were correlated negatively with epididymal adipose tissue weight. Although the definitive role of gut microbes of AGO-received mice is still unknown, our data demonstrate the possibility that AGO administration affects the gut microbial composition and inhibits obesity in mice.

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“…Agarases have been extensively investigated because there are many functions of agarose-derived oligosaccharides, such as anti-oxidation (Wang et al, 2004;Wu et al, 2005), anti-inflammation (Higashimura et al, 2013), and prebiotic effects (Hu et al, 2006). The monosaccharide 3,6-anhydro-L-galactopyranose also showed obvious skin whitening and anti-inflammatory activities (in vitro) with no significant cytotoxicity (Yun et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deletion of a non-catalytic region increases the enzymatic activity of a β-agarase from Flammeovirga sp. MY04

Han

Liu

et al. 2015

J. Ocean Univ. China

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A Glycoside hydrolase (GH) typically contains one catalytic module and varied non-catalytic regions (NCRs). However, effects of the NCRs to the catalytic modules remain mostly unclear except the carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). AgaG4 is a GH16 endo-β-agarase of the agarolytic marine bacterium Flammeovirga sp. MY04. The enzyme consists of an extra sugar-binding peptide within the catalytic module, with no predictable CBMs but function-unknown sequences in the NCR, which is a new characteristic of agarase sequences. In this study, we deleted the NCR sequence, a 140-amino acid peptide at the C-terminus and expressed the truncated gene, agaG4-T140, in Escherichia coli. After purification and refolding, the truncated agarase rAgaG4-T140 retained the same catalytic temperature and pH value as rAgaG4. Using combined fluorescent labeling, HPLC and MS/MS techniques, we identified the end-products of agarose degradation by rAgaG4-T140 as neoagarotetraose and neoagarohexaose, with a final molar ratio of 1.53:1 and a conversion ratio of approximately 70%, which were similar to those of rAgaG4. However, the truncated agarase rAgaG4-T140 markedly decreased in protein solubility by 15 times and increased in enzymatic activities by 35 times. The oligosaccharide production of rAgaG4-T140 was approximately 25 times the weight of that produced by equimolar rAgaG4. This study provides some insights into the influences of NCR on the biochemical characteristics of agarase AgaG4 and implies some new strategies to improve the properties of a GH enzyme.

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Oligosaccharides from agar inhibit murine intestinal inflammation through the induction of heme oxygenase-1 expression

Abstract: We infer that AGO administration inhibits TNBS-induced colitis in mice through HO-1 induction in macrophages. Consequently, oral administration of AGOs might be an important therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel disease.

Cited by 75 publications

References 35 publications

Gut microbiota influences low fermentable substrate diet efficacy in children with irritable bowel syndrome

Gut microbiota influences low fermentable substrate diet efficacy in children with irritable bowel syndrome

Agaro-Oligosaccharides Regulate Gut Microbiota and Adipose Tissue Accumulation in Mice

Deletion of a non-catalytic region increases the enzymatic activity of a β-agarase from Flammeovirga sp. MY04

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