Olive baboons' (Papio anubis) response towards crowned eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) at Lake Manyara National Park

Abstract

Abstract. In this paper we report on two encounters between olive baboons (Papio anubis) and crowned eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) at Lake Manyara National Park, northern Tanzania. During these encounters olive baboons responded by giving alarm calls and all infants and juveniles rushed down from trees seeking cover under bushes or close proximity to adult conspecifics. In one of the events, alarm calls from banded mongoose (Mungos mungo) and rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis) most likely triggered alarm calling of vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) which in turn prompted baboons to respond with alarm calls as well. In both observations, adult male baboons took the lead in climbing trees, threatening the eagle (staring, yawning, ground slapping) and chasing it away. The reaction of the baboons suggests that crowned eagles pose a threat at least for

Male anti‐predation services in primates as costly signalling? A comparative analysis and review

“…Third, males of all ranks sometimes participate about equally in anti‐predation behaviours, also in species in which male mating success is generally skewed (e.g. ring‐tailed lemurs: Bolt et al, 2015; olive baboons: Paciência et al, 2017). Fourth, the riskiest forms of anti‐predation behaviour, counter‐attacks aimed at hunting predators, also involve the participation of non‐sires.…”

Population dynamics of the Manyara monkey (Cercopithecus mitismanyaraensis) and vervet monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) in Lake Manyara National Park, Tanzania

“…However, the park still hosts a relatively diverse large-mammal community (Foley et al, 2014), including predators of primates such as the leopard (Panthera pardus) and lion (Panthera leo) (Palombit, 2013;Isbell et al, 2018;Havmøller et al, 2021). In addition, raptors that prey on guenons, such as the crowned eagle (Stephanoaetus coronatus), martial eagle (Polemaetus bellicosus), and Verreaux's eagle (Aquila verreauxii), are present (Cordeiro, 1992;Isbell and Estam Jaffe, 2013;Lawes et al, 2013;McPherson et al, 2016;Paciência et al, 2017) .…”

Red-tailed monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius) prey upon and mob birds in the Issa Valley, western Tanzania

“…Primates commonly exhibit anti-predation behavior in response to birds of prey, but direct observations of avian predation on primates are rare (Cordeiro 1992;Shultz 2001;Paciência et al 2017). One example of primate anti-predator behavior is mobbing, defined as following, approaching, or harassing an animal, either as an individual or collectively as a group (Crofoot 2013).…”