Olive Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Populations in Relation to Region, Trap Type, Season, and Availability of Fruit

Abstract

A novel attract-and-kill trap for olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), was constructed with yellow corrugated plastic in an inverted cylindrical pan shape formed from a disk and collar. The trap components were tested under three greenhouse temperatures and humidities of warm, hot, and very hot for attractiveness to caged young or older adults. A greater proportion of adults regardless of age were found underneath the devices including disks, cylindrical pans, and pans with pheromone lures and test units of cylindrical pans sprayed with water, insecticidal bait spray, and with lures. The effect was related to lower temperatures on the underside compared with the top and the intolerance of the pest to heat. A circular collar added to the perimeter of the disk that formed the top of the inverted cylinder made the attract-and-kill trap more attractive to adults than the disk alone. Pheromone lures or bait sprays did not increase adult attraction, so were not needed for efficacy. The cylindrical pan was especially attractive to adults when temperatures were high by providing shelter from the heat. At very high temperatures, the pan became unattractive, possibly due to heating of the construction materials. Cylindrical pans sprayed with water on the underside attracted the highest number of adults especially at high temperatures. Greenhouse tests showed that the inverted cylindrical pan design has potential as an attract-and-kill device for olive fruit fly control.

Overwintering Survival of Olive Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Two Introduced Parasitoids in California

“…In CaliforniaÕs coastal and interior olive growing regions, adult B. oleae have been caught in baited traps throughout the year, although in relatively low numbers during the winter and spring seasons (Yokoyama et al 2006, Burrack et al 2011). This current study shows that B. oleae can indeed survive and overwinter as an adult in CaliforniaÕs interior valley; female ßies held in Þeld cages beginning in October survived up to 273 d (until June the following year) when supplied with food and water ( Table 1).…”

“…B. oleae larvae have been collected from overwintered fruit in the spring and baited traps caught adult ßies in both winter and early spring periods (Yokoyama et al 2006, Burrack et al 2011. In CaliforniaÕs interior valley, baited traps also caught low numbers of adult B. oleae in winter and early spring (Yokoyama et al 2006), but it is unknown how long the adult survives in the Þeld. The pupa is the most likely overwintering stage.…”

Combined Effects of Heat Stress and Food Supply on Flight Performance of Olive Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

“…It invaded California Ϸ1998 and quickly spread throughout the state (Rice et al 2003, Yokoyama et al 2006, where it has become the most important pest of the stateÕs olive industry. California table olive processors maintain a zero tolerance level for B. oleae in fruit.…”

Biological controls investigated to aid management of olive fruit fly in California

“…Tolerances for high and low temperatures may be critical for parasitoid establishment in California because olive fruit fl y infestations are found in both relatively cool coastal and hot inland areas, resulting in different seasonal development of the fl y (Yokoyama et al 2006). Overall patterns of adult longevity for all parasitoids tested showed a negative correlation with temperature, as shown for the Kenya and Italy colonies of P. humilis (fi g. 4).…”