Olive mild mosaic virus transmission by Olpidium virulentus

Abstract

The ability of Olpidium virulentus to vector Olive latent virus 1 (OLV-1), Olive mild mosaic virus (OMMV) and Tobacco necrosis virus D (TNV-D) was evaluated. Transmission assays involved zoospore acquisition of each virus, inoculation onto cabbage plant roots followed by viral detection. Assays revealed that these viruses are transmitted in the absence of the fungus, but the transmission rates of OMMV are much higher when OMMV is incubated with O. virulentus zoospores prior to inoculation, while the transmission rates of each OLV-1 and TNV-D do not change when they are incubated with the fungus. Our data shows that O. virulentus is an efficient vector of OMMV, greatly enhancing virus transmissibility, but not that of OLV-1 nor TNV-D. Prior studies have shown that another fungus, O. brassicae, also enhances OMMV transmission. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a plant virus, OMMV, being efficiently transmitted by two different species of fungi.

An integrated approach for understanding the high infection rates of olive viruses in Tunisia

“…Research on the epidemiology of viruses infecting olive trees will help to understand why such high levels of virus occur in olive orchards, representing an essential contribution to improve the sanitary status of the crops. The most studied viruses in terms of transmission modes are the olive-infecting necroviruses (OLV-1, Tobacco necrosis virus D (TNV-D) and Olive mild mosaic virus (OMMV)) that have shown efficient means of dissemination (Varanda et al 2011a, b;Felix et al 2012;Varanda et al 2015). However, little is known concerning their transmission in olive, except for OLV-1 seed transmission (Saponari et al 2002).…”

Development of a Real-Time Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for the Rapid Detection of Olea Europaea Geminivirus

“…The olive tree is affected by many potential pathogens, including viruses. Some of them are reported to be transmitted by different vectors [ 9 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], but the use of infected propagating material might represent the major, though not the only, means of virus spread [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. The first report on a probable viral disease of olive goes back to 1938 [ 34 ] and, since then, several virus-like diseases and viruses have been reported over the years in different areas where olive cultivation plays a prominent role [ 14 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Research on virus diffusion prevention method for computer singularity in complex sensor networks

“…Due to the distribution of node degrees of uniform networks such as ER stochastic network (Varanda et al, 2015) and WS small-world network (Musso, 2015), there is a peak at the network average degree k, and it rapidly declines exponentially at k  k and k  k. Therefore, when the average field theory is used to study the propagation dynamics of the SIS model over a homogeneous network, k can be used to approximate the network node degree k. Ignore the degree of correlation between nodes and the changes in birth and natural death of nodes within the virus propagation cycle.…”