Olive oil from the 79 A.D. Vesuvius eruption stored at the Naples National Archaeological Museum (Italy)

Sacchi, Raffaele; Cutignano, Adele; Picariello, Gianluca; Paduano, Antonello; Siano, Francesco; Nuzzo, Genoveffa; Caira, Simonetta; Lubritto, Carmine; Ricci, Paola; D'Auria, Alessia; Pasquale, Gaetano Di; Motta, Andréa; Addeo, Francesco

doi:10.1038/s41538-020-00077-w

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This approach will also be helpful in extracting volatile compounds from other edible oils and its products, which contain a large amount of non-volatiles. Additionally, OA-LLE + SAFE may be suitable for analyzing rare or invaluable samples because this method requires only a small amount of sample 25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for gaining a deeper insight into the aroma profile of olive oil

et al. 2021

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Volatile compounds in food play a crucial role in affecting food quality and consumer preference, but the volatile compounds in olive oil are not fully understood due to the matrix effect of oil. The oiling-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction (OA-LLE), which we previously reported, is an effective method for isolating volatile compounds from edible oils with a strong matrix effect. However, when we apply OA-LLE to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), the aromatic extracts contain non-volatile compounds such as pigments because of solvent-based extraction. Solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) can remove such non-volatiles from extracts, but SAFE is affected by a matrix effect during distillation, resulting in a decrease in performance. By combining the advantages of OA-LLE and SAFE, we propose an effective approach, OA-LLE followed by SAFE (OA-LLE + SAFE), for extracting aroma compounds from EVOO. The “two assists” should help to better understand the native aroma profile of EVOO.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for gaining a deeper insight into the aroma profile of olive oil

et al. 2021

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“…18 For instance, significant amounts of unexpected products of oligomerization of FA chains, namely estolides, have been characterized in bulk olive oil of the Roman age found at excavation sites in the Herculaneum area. 4 For this reason, the pipeline for validating the biological origin of residues through lipids requires multilevel analyses, which often cannot be conclusive. Interestingly, the direct GC-MS analysis of the hexane extracts from aliquots of powdered CS1 and CS2 excluded the presence of intact triacylglycerols and partial acylglycerols at a detectable amount.…”

Section: Gc-ms Analysis Of the Lipid Fraction From Organic Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 However, exposure to moisture and air triggers hydrolysis and autoxidation of lipids, respectively; therefore, organic samples that have been stored for a long period most often exhibit deeply altered lipid profiles. 4 Depending on the chain length and degree of unsaturation, lipid components undergo uneven degradations during diagenesis; therefore, the resulting patterns in organic residues can be compatible with multiple types of biological systems. For this reason, degradation under unknown conditions combined with the lack of taxonomic or tissue markers limits the informative level of the lipid fraction.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The molecular patterns of lipid compositions provide the chance to distinguish among plant, animal, or microorganism origins of residues . However, exposure to moisture and air triggers hydrolysis and autoxidation of lipids, respectively; therefore, organic samples that have been stored for a long period most often exhibit deeply altered lipid profiles . Depending on the chain length and degree of unsaturation, lipid components undergo uneven degradations during diagenesis; therefore, the resulting patterns in organic residues can be compatible with multiple types of biological systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proteomics and Integrated Techniques to Characterize Organic Residues in Funerary Findings from Italic Populations of the First Millennium BC

et al. 2022

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Multiple analytical techniques were combined to achieve a detailed characterization of organic residues in different typologies of funerary pottery, which were found at two separate archeological sites in the Campania Region (Italy) and both dated back to the first millennium BC. Gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of lipids provided inconclusive results. The attenuated total reflectance−Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra of encrustation on two glazed bowls of the 3rd to 4th century BC were comparable to those of fresh bone, revealing the presence of hydroxyapatite and proteins, which were identified as bovine collagen chains by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomics. This finding confirmed that Italic populations used to inhume the dead along with votive meat offerings. Proteomics was decisive for identifying bovine milk in an unusually shaped amphora unearthed from a grave that belonged to a woman at the necropolis of the Greek colony in Cuma (7th century BC). Peptidomic analysis demonstrated that the genetic variant A 1 of β-casein was already present in the southern Mediterranean area at least 2500 years ago. Overall, these results depict an agropastoral system of Italic populations at the age of Magna Graecia based on a significant role of domesticated cattle.

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“…We note that the year of the Vesuvius eruption seems to align with a cooling both in the N-Tree record and in the isotopes, which by no means is 735 conclusive evidence that the eruption was somehow registered in Greenland, but might indicate that there could be potential for further investigation, especially in the topic of ice-core crypto-tephra. Evidence found around Vesuvius includes a vase of olive oil, found in Pompeii, which was dated to 1944 ± 50 14 C-years BP (Sacchi et al, 2020). The age of the sample was calibrated by converting the 14 C age of the sample according to IntCal20, through the OxCal v4 online tool (Ramsey, 2009).…”

Section: Perspectives From the Gicc21 Timescale On Mediterranean Eruptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-ice-core, annual-layer-counted Greenland ice-core chronology for the last 3800 years: GICC21

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Erhardt

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Ice-core timescales are vital for the understanding of past climate; hence they should be updated whenever significant amounts of new data can contribute to improvements. Here, the Greenland ice-core chronology was revised for the last 3835 years by synchronizing six deep ice-cores and three shallow ice-cores from the central Greenland ice sheet. A layer-counting bias was found in all ice cores because of site-specific signal disturbances, and a manual comparison of all ice cores was deemed necessary to increase timescale accuracy. A new method was applied by combining automated counting of annual layers on multiple parallel proxies and manual fine-tuning. After examining sources of error and their correlation lengths, the uncertainty rate was quantified to be one year per century. The new timescale is younger than the previous Greenland chronology by about 13 years at 3800 years ago. The most recent 800 years are largely unaffected by the revision, while the slope of the offset between timescales is steepest between 800 and 1000 years ago. Moreover, offset-oscillations of about 5 years around the average are observed between 2500 and 3800 years ago. The non-linear offset behavior is attributed to previous mismatches of volcanic eruptions, to the much more extensive data set available to this study, and to the finer resolution of the new ice-core matching. In response to volcanic eruptions, averaged water isotopes and layer thicknesses from Greenland ice cores provide evidence of notable cooling lasting for up to a decade, longer than reported in previous studies of volcanic forcing. By analysis of the common variations of cosmogenic radionuclides, the new ice-core timescale is found to be in alignment with the IntCal20 curve. Radiocarbon dated evidence found in the proximity of eruption sites such as Vesuvius or Thera was compared to the ice-core dataset; no conclusive evidence was found regarding if these two eruptions can be matched to acidity spikes in the ice cores. A hitherto unidentified cooling event in the ice cores is observed at about 3600 years ago (1600 BCE), which could have been caused by a large eruption which is, however, not clearly recorded in the acidity signal. The hunt for clear signs of the Thera eruption in Greenland ice-cores thus remains elusive.

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Olive oil from the 79 A.D. Vesuvius eruption stored at the Naples National Archaeological Museum (Italy)

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

A method for gaining a deeper insight into the aroma profile of olive oil

A method for gaining a deeper insight into the aroma profile of olive oil

Proteomics and Integrated Techniques to Characterize Organic Residues in Funerary Findings from Italic Populations of the First Millennium BC

A multi-ice-core, annual-layer-counted Greenland ice-core chronology for the last 3800 years: GICC21

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