Omega-3 Fatty Acid Blood Levels

Superko, H. Robert; Superko, Scott M.; Nasir, Khurram; Agatston, Arthur; Garrett, Brenda

doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.002731

Cited by 89 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…A recent meta-analysis demonstrated that patients given a fi xed dose of 3-PUFAs (EPA + DHA) had signifi cant individual variation in 3-blood levels, and that risk reduction in CHD correlated with higher 3-PUFA levels ( 36 ). For example, in the JELIS trial, an EPA/AA ratio of 0.75 was associated with signifi cantly lower risk of events in CHD patients ( 11 ).…”

Section: Ffar4 Was Required To Prevent Tgf ␤ 1-induced Fi Brosis In Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More importantly, several trials that measured 3-PUFA uptake never achieved an EPA/AA ratio of 0.75 (37)(38)(39). There are three practical implications of these fi ndings: 1 ) there is a physiologic and genetic basis for the variability in erythrocyte levels of 3-PUFAs in patients receiving a fi xed dose; 2 ) erythrocyte levels of 3-PUFAs are a better predictor of outcome than fi xed dosing (all trials have given a fi xed dose); and 3 ) patients that, for whatever reason, have lower erythrocyte levels of 3-PUFAs might negatively affect trial results ( 36 ). A combined analysis of our previous and current data suggests EPA-mediated prevention of fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction is dependent on EPA abundance ( Fig.…”

Section: Ffar4 Was Required To Prevent Tgf ␤ 1-induced Fi Brosis In Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EPA, not DHA, prevents fibrosis in pressure overload-induced heart failure: potential role of free fatty acid receptor 4

Eclov

Qian

Redetzke

et al. 2015

Journal of Lipid Research

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Section: Ffar4 Was Required To Prevent Tgf ␤ 1-induced Fi Brosis In Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ffar4 Was Required To Prevent Tgf ␤ 1-induced Fi Brosis In Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

EPA, not DHA, prevents fibrosis in pressure overload-induced heart failure: potential role of free fatty acid receptor 4

Eclov

Qian

Redetzke

et al. 2015

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…The results of the meta-analyses mentioned therefore do not necessarily contradict the concept of a low HS-Omega-3 Index as a risk factor for cardiovascular events. This issue is discussed in more detail elsewhere (von Schacky, 2014;Schuchardt & Hahn, 2013;Superko et al, 2013).…”

Section: Hs-omega-3 Index 4·97 ± 1·19%mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Omega-3 Index in 106 German Elite Winter Endurance Athletes: A Pilot Study

Schacky

Kemper

Haslbauer

et al. 2014

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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The Omega-3 Index is defined as erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and represents an individual's status in these two marine omega-3 fatty acids. A target range of 8 to 11% has been suggested, because values below predispose to cardiovascular events, especially sudden cardiac death, as well as to suboptimal brain function, like prolonged reaction times or even depression. Compared with the general population, elite athletes have an increased incidence of sudden death. The Omega-3 Index has not yet been investigated in elite athletes. In an exploratory approach, we determined the Omega-3 Index in 106 consecutive German national elite winter endurance athletes presenting for preparticipation screening, using a well-established analytical procedure (HS-Omega-3 Index). Surprisingly, only one athlete had a value within the target range, but all others had values <8%. We conclude that we have identified a deficiency of EPA and DHA in these elite athletes. This deficiency presents a potential option for prevention of cardiovascular events such as sudden cardiac death, and improving aspects of brain function. It will be important to scrutinize our finding by more thorough epidemiologic studies and appropriate intervention trials.

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“…Part of the confusion surrounding the different conclusions of these studies involves the assessment of the effect of either a fixed daily dose of omega-3, or the measurement of omega-3 blood levels achieved in each patient. The controversy regarding daily dose of fish oil versus achieved blood level has recently been reviewed [5•]. This is an important issue since wide variability in individual blood level achieved, in response to a fixed dose of fish oil, has been reported [5•].…”

Section: Intoductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The controversy regarding daily dose of fish oil versus achieved blood level has recently been reviewed [5•]. This is an important issue since wide variability in individual blood level achieved, in response to a fixed dose of fish oil, has been reported [5•]. In response to a fixed dose of fish oil, some patients may achieve a therapeutic level while others may not.…”

Section: Intoductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Fatty Acid Blood Levels Clinical Significance Update

Superko

Superko²,

Lundberg

et al. 2014

Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep

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The potential benefit of fish oil (omega-3 fatty acids) consumption to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk remains controversial. Some investigations report reduced CVD risk associated with fish or fish oil consumption while others report no benefit. This controversy is in part resolved when consideration is given to omega-3 blood levels in relation to CVD risk as well as blood levels achieved in clinical trials of omega-3 supplementation and CVD benefit. There is a wide variation in omega-3 blood levels achieved between individuals in response to a given dose of an omega-3 supplement. Many studies tested a daily dose of 1 gram omega-3 supplementation. The individual variation in blood omega-3 levels achieved in response to a fixed daily dose helps to explain why some individuals may obtain CVD protection benefit while others do not due to failure to achieve a therapeutic threshold. Recent development of a population range in a United States population helps to provide clinical guidance since population omega-3 blood level ranges may vary due to environmental and genetic reasons. Omega-3 supplementation may also be of benefit in reducing the adverse impact of air pollution on CVD risk.

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Omega-3 Fatty Acid Blood Levels

Cited by 89 publications

References 63 publications

EPA, not DHA, prevents fibrosis in pressure overload-induced heart failure: potential role of free fatty acid receptor 4

EPA, not DHA, prevents fibrosis in pressure overload-induced heart failure: potential role of free fatty acid receptor 4

Low Omega-3 Index in 106 German Elite Winter Endurance Athletes: A Pilot Study

Omega-3 Fatty Acid Blood Levels Clinical Significance Update

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