Omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy—baseline omega‐3 status and early preterm birth: exploratory analysis of a randomised controlled trial

Simmonds, Lucy; Sullivan, Thomas; Skubisz, Monika; Middleton, Philippa; Best, Karen; Yelland, Lisa N; Quinlivan, Julie A.; Zhou, Shao Jia; Liu, Ge; McPhee, Andrew J; Gibson, Robert; Makrides, Maria

doi:10.1111/1471-0528.16168

Cited by 73 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The intake of EPA and DHA from the consumption of fish, or fish oils and concentrates (oils containing EPA and DHA in higher concentrations), can confer a range of health benefits, such as lowering blood pressure and reducing the risk for heart disease in adults [ 1 , 2 ]. Specific omega-3 LCPUFAs such as DHA also support the development of the brain and visual system of the fetus during pregnancy [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. The intake of fish oil can also impart antioxidant effects though the increased expression of antioxidant enzymes, and components in fish oil are associated with antimicrobial effects [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Compositional Changes in Over-Oxidized Fish Oils

Phung

Bannenberg²,

Vigor

et al. 2020

Foods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A recent study has reported that the administration during gestation of a highly rancid hoki liver oil, obtained by oxidation through sustained exposure to oxygen gas and incident light for 30 days, causes newborn mortality in rats. This effect was attributed to lipid hydroperoxides formed in the omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich oil, while other chemical changes in the damaged oil were overlooked. In the present study, the oxidation condition employed to damage the hoki liver oil was replicated, and the extreme rancidity was confirmed. A detailed analysis of temporal chemical changes resulting from the sustained oxidative challenge involved measures of eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid (EPA/DHA) omega-3 oil oxidative quality (peroxide value, para-anisidine value, total oxidation number, acid value, oligomers, antioxidant content, and induction time) as well as changes in fatty acid content, volatiles, isoprostanoids, and oxysterols. The chemical description was extended to refined anchovy oil, which is a more representative ingredient oil used in omega-3 finished products. The present study also analyzed the effects of a different oxidation method involving thermal exposure in the dark in contact with air, which is an oxidation condition that is more relevant to retail products. The two oils had different susceptibility to the oxidation conditions, resulting in distinct chemical oxidation signatures that were determined primarily by antioxidant protection as well as specific methodological aspects of the applied oxidative conditions. Unique isoprostanoids and oxysterols were formed in the over-oxidized fish oils, which are discussed in light of their potential biological activities.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Compositional Changes in Over-Oxidized Fish Oils

Phung

Bannenberg²,

Vigor

et al. 2020

Foods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Increasing consumption of EPA and DHA in an untargeted manner (i.e., not guided by level assessments) reduced premature birth before week 34 of pregnancy by 42%, according to a recent Cochrane meta-analysis [16]. Taken together, current data indicate that low levels of EPA and DHA might cause premature birth, providing an argument to determine them before or in pregnancy [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Intake Vs Blood Levelsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…However, post-term induction of labor or caesarean sections were not found to be more frequent in a recent large pertinent meta-analysis, but in one trial some participants reached very high levels [16,40,41]. In contrast, it has recently been reported that some premature births were associated with very high levels of EPA and DHA [13]. Of note, a Mendelian randomization study found little importance for DHA in determining length of gestation, while arachidonic acid seemed to have more relevance [50].…”

Section: Safety and Tolerabilitymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Clinical effects correlate less well with intake than with blood levels. An example is premature birth before week 34 of pregnancy, which is more likely with low levels than with high levels of EPA and DHA, with risk for preterm birth correlating inversely with levels in erythrocytes, whole blood, or plasma [11][12][13][14]. Data derived from assessments of intake of EPA and DHA showed smaller risks, if at all detected, and no association with dose [15].…”

Section: Intake Vs Blood Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both erythrocyte arachidonic acid and DHA deficiencies were found to be associated with higher risk of neonatal morbidities and mortality in preterm infants [81]. Moreover, a post hoc analysis of blood levels in ORIP found some premature births to be associated with very high blood levels of EPA and DHA [13]. Therefore, an upper limit for the Omega-3 Index in pregnancy should be defined, and maybe also a lower limit for arachidonic acid.…”

Section: Safety and Tolerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Pregnancy—The Case for a Target Omega-3 Index

Schacky

2020

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Scientific societies recommend increasing intake of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by 200 mg/day during pregnancy. However, individually, clinical events correlate quite strongly with levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA in blood, but these levels poorly correlate with amounts ingested. EPA and DHA in erythrocytes (Omega-3 Index) have a low biologic variability. If analyzed with a standardized analytical procedure (HS-Omega-3 Index®), analytical variability is low. Thus, the largest database of any fatty acid analytical method was provided. Pregnant women in Germany had a mean Omega-3 Index below the target range suggested for cardiovascular disease of 8–11%, with large interindividual variation, and quite independent of supplementation with EPA and DHA. In Germany, premature birth is a major health issue. Premature birth and other health issues of pregnant women and their offspring correlate with levels of EPA and DHA in blood and can be reduced by increasing intake of EPA and DHA, according to individual trials and pertinent meta-analyses. Very high intake or levels of EPA and DHA may also produce health issues, like bleeding, prolonged gestation, or even premature birth. While direct evidence remains to be generated, evidence from various scientific approaches supports that the target range for the Omega-3 Index of 8–11% might also pertain to pregnancy and lactation.

show abstract

Delivering a Nutritionally Enhanced Tilapia Fillet Using a Pre‐Harvest Phase Omega‐3 Thraustochytrids Protist Enriched Diet

Davies

Roderick²,

Brudenell‐Bruce³

et al. 2022

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) offers an affordable food source to many low‐income consumers. However, farmed tilapia has drawn much criticism over the low omega‐3 (n‐3) and high omega‐6 (n‐6) lipid levels. Subsequently, it has been questioned whether it is truly healthy food. This study fed tilapia with a specialized “finishing” diet with the inclusion of commercial Thraustochytrids protist biomass and oil before the harvestable fish size. The fish are fed with two different dietary regimes over 6 weeks. One is a commercially available tilapia feed used as a reference. The second diet is composed of an exclusive oil source from Thraustochytrids protist (HI‐n3). The results show that HI‐ n3 has significantly increased the fillet n‐3 content by 400% in comparison to commercial diet (COM) after Week 6 of feeding. Specifically, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, n‐3) content is the attributing fatty acid for the n‐3 increase. This is particularly evident when DHA is expressed as a percentage of total lipid content. The n‐3:n‐6 ratio increased in tilapia fed with the HI‐n3 diet attributed to the DHA accumulation. The investigation shows that it is possible to favorably “lipid tailor” tilapia before harvest. Practical applications: The practical application of this technique is to enrich farmed tilapia with a high dietary omega‐3 (n‐3) Thraustochytrids protist oil source for a short‐term period before harvesting. It is an objective that the fillet product would be more functional in its nutritional content by supplying more than just high‐quality protein for consumers. This would have paramount implications for low‐income consumers, where high n‐3 oil foods are not readily available or affordable (e.g., landlocked nations). Furthermore, tilapia is widely consumed in China and Southeast Asian countries but is also promoted as a high nutritional value food source in the western hemisphere. This investigation advocates the ability to change the image of this fish species by a simple dietary manipulation. In an era of elevated intake of omega 6 (n‐6) fatty acids food sources, n‐3 rich fish is a vital balance to counter this negative trend in human health.

show abstract

Omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy—baseline omega‐3 status and early preterm birth: exploratory analysis of a randomised controlled trial

Cited by 73 publications

References 21 publications

Chemical Compositional Changes in Over-Oxidized Fish Oils

Chemical Compositional Changes in Over-Oxidized Fish Oils

Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Pregnancy—The Case for a Target Omega-3 Index

Delivering a Nutritionally Enhanced Tilapia Fillet Using a Pre‐Harvest Phase Omega‐3 Thraustochytrids Protist Enriched Diet

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About