Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

<jats:p>In the United States, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in older people. The use of omega-3 fatty acid supplements (nonprescription) is common in older people, despite the conflicting evidence regarding the benefits of supplements in CVD. The 2017 American Heart Association science advisory on omega-3 fatty acid supplements suggested that it is reasonable to use omega-3 fatty acids for secondary prevention in people with coronary heart disease and heart failure. This article reviewed large meta-analyses and clinical trials published since the science advisory. Two metaanalyses concluded that these supplements were not effective for secondary or primary prevention of CVD. Two large randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials, one in people with diabetes mellitus, evaluated omega-3 fatty acid supplements for primary prevention and reported no benefit. Taken together, these findings do not support the routine dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids to prevent cardiovascular events.</jats:p>

Associations Among Microvascular Dysfunction, Fatty Acid Metabolism, and Diabetes

“…Elevated levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), lipid peroxidation products (LPPs), and fatty acid peroxidation products (FAPPs) in diabetes directly harm microvascular function [22]. These metabolites affect endothelial cells, by causing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis [23]. They also hinder endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity; decrease nitric oxide levels; and lead to vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and leukocyte adhesion [24].…”