Omega-3 fatty acid supplements improve the cardiovascular risk profile of subjects with metabolic syndrome, including markers of inflammation and auto-immunity

Ebrahimi, Mahmoud; Ghayour‐Mobarhan, Majid; Rezaiean, Samaneh; Hoseini, Mohammad; Parizade, Seyyed Mohamad Reza; Farhoudi, Fateme; Hosseininezhad, Syyed Javad; Tavallaei, Shima; Vejdani, Amirhosein; Azimi‐Nezhad, Mohsen; Shakeri, Mohammad Taghi; Rad, Mostafa; Mobarra, Naser; Kazemi‐Bajestani, Seyyed Mohammad Reza; Ferns, Gordon A.

doi:10.2143/ac.64.3.2038016

Cited by 113 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…This was confirmed also by our group, n-3 PUFA intake gave a better lipid profile and a better improvement of coagulation, fibrinolytic, inflammatory parameters, and blood pressure than placebo [12,13]. The same conclusions were reached by Ebrahimi et al [29]: n-3 PUFA improve the cardiovascular risk profile of subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS), having effects on weight, systolic blood pressure, lipid profile, and markers of inflammation and autoimmunity. On the other side Simão et al [30] reported that, even if an intake of n-3 PUFA gave a decrease of Tg and an increase of the total antioxidant capacity (TRAP) in patients with MS, there was an increase of LDL-C levels and insulin resistance after n-3 PUFA intake.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Effects of n‐3 PUFA on insulin resistance after an oral fat load

Derosa

Cicero

Fogari

et al. 2011

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of v-3 PUFA (n-3 PUFA) on lipid profile and insulin resistance biomarkers. Patients were assigned to receive placebo or n-3 PUFA 1 g three times a day, during the meals, for 6 months. We evaluated: body mass index (BMI), body weight, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), blood pressure, lipid profile, resistin (r), retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), adiponectin (ADN), visfatin, and vaspin. Furthermore patients underwent an oral fat load (OFL) and an euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp to evaluate M value, and total glucose requirement (TGR). Triglycerides value obtained with n-3 PUFA was lower, while HDL-C, and ADN values were higher compared to placebo. After the OFL, and comparing the OFL performed at the baseline and at the end of the study, there was a decrease of triglycerides (Tg), resistin (r), and RBP-4 values, and an increase of ADN value with n-3 PUFA, but not with placebo. We conclude that the treatment with n-3 PUFA resulted in a greater improvement of lipid profile and ADN compared to placebo in a baseline condition, and an improvement of all insulin resistance parameters after an OFL. Practical applications:The inverse association between dietary intake of n-3 PUFA and cardiovascular disease morbidity/mortality was primarily established following the observation that the Greenland Inuits had low mortality from coronary heart disease despite a fat-rich diet. Our group has already shown that n-3 PUFA improved the lipid profile and the coagulation, fibrinolytic, and inflammatory parameters compared to placebo. We also observed that highly purified n-3 PUFA supplementation significantly reduced the blood pressure, pulse pressure, and basal heart rate in hypertriglyceridemic patients with normal-high blood pressure. The current study showed that treatment with n-3 PUFA not only improved lipid profile in a baseline situation, but it also improved all insulin resistance parameters in a post-prandial situation simulated with an OFL. This is another important action of the n-3 PUFA which can increase their utility in the clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Effects of n‐3 PUFA on insulin resistance after an oral fat load

Derosa

Cicero

Fogari

et al. 2011

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…Lastly, LC ω-3 PUFAs modulate T-cell signaling and proliferation (22). In addition to a wealth of cell and animal experimental studies, LC ω-3 PUFAs have been shown to hold antiinflammatory properties in epidemiologic studies (11,12) and randomized clinical trials (13)(14)(15). They are further hypothesized to have chemoprotective properties for endometrial cancer (and other estrogendependent cancers), as inhibition of inflammation via NF-κB and COX-2 is associated with reduced estrogen synthesis (24)(25)(26), which is thought to be a critical component for endometrial proliferation (27,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Dietary Long-Chain ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Fish Consumption With Endometrial Cancer Risk in the Black Women's Health Study

Brasky¹,

Sponholtz²,

Palmer³

et al. 2016

Am. J. Epidemiol.

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Dietary long-chain (LC) ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which derive primarily from intakes of fatty fish, are thought to inhibit inflammation and de novo estrogen synthesis. This study prospectively examined the associations of dietary LC ω-3 PUFAs and fish with endometrial cancer risk in 47,602 African-American women living in the United States, aged 21-69 years at baseline in 1995, and followed them until 2013 (n = 282 cases). Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations of LC ω-3 PUFA (quintiled) and fish (quartiled) intake with endometrial cancer risk, overall and by body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m) 2 ). The hazard ratio for quintile 5 of total dietary LC ω-3 PUFAs versus quintile 1 was 0.79 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51, 1.24); there was no linear trend. Hazard ratios for the association were smaller among normal-weight women (BMI <25: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.18, 1.58) than among overweight/ obese women (BMI ≥25: HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.54, 1.43), but these differences were not statistically significant. Fish intake was also not associated with risk (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.56, 1.31). Again hazard ratios were smaller among normal-weight women (HR = 0.65) than among overweight/obese women (HR = 0.94). While compatible with no association, the hazard ratios observed among leaner African-American women are similar to those from recent prospective studies conducted in predominantly white populations.African-American women; docosahexaenoic acid; eicosapentaenoic acid; endometrial cancer; fish; uterine cancer; women's reproductive health Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BWHS, Black Women's Health Study; CI, confidence interval; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; FFQ, food frequency questionnaire; HR, hazard ratio; LC, long-chain; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; VITAL, Vitamins and Lifestyle; WHI, Women's Health Initiative.Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the leading gynecological malignancy diagnosed in US women (1). Incidence rates are about 9% lower for African-American women relative to white women (2), but a recent study of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data that corrected for hysterectomy prevalence indicated a higher incidence in black women (3).

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“…Those taking the supplements were found to have lower markers of autoimmunity and inflammation, as well as more weight loss, compared to people who did not take the supplements [16].…”

Section: Omega-3 Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 92%