Omega-3 Fatty Acids Effects on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Lipid Profiles among Diabetic and Cardiovascular Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate omega-3 fatty acids’ influence on 12 inflammatory biomarkers—LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, TG, HbA1c, Apo AI, Apo AII, Apo B, CRP, TNF-α, glucose, and fasting blood glucose among diabetic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. We searched articles in six database engines, and 16 of the 696 articles reviewed met the inclusion criteria. Among these, lipid and inflammatory biomarkers investigated commonly included total cholesterol (11 studies), LDL, and TG (10 studies each). Overall, omega-3 was associated with a significant reduction in Apo AII among diabetic patients, as compared to different controls (−8.0 mg/dL 95% CI: −12.71, −3.29, p = 0.0009), triglycerides (−44.88 mg/dL 95% CI: −82.6, −7.16, p < 0.0001), HDL (−2.27 mg/dL 95% CI: −3.72, −0.83, p = 0.002), and increased fasting blood glucose (16.14 mg/dL 95% CI: 6.25, 26.04, p = 0.001). Omega-3 also was associated with increased LDL among CVD patients (2.10 mg/dL 95% CI: 1.00, 3.20, p = 0.0002). We conclude that omega-3 fatty acids may be associated with lower inflammatory biomarkers among diabetic and cardiovascular patients. Clinicians should be aware of these potential benefits; however, it is essential to recommend that patients consult with clinicians before any omega-3 intake.

Potential benefits and risks of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation to patients with COVID-19

“…ARA, an omega-6 fatty acid, and EPA and DHA, omega-3 fatty acids, affect inflammatory and immune responses. In general, eicosanoids derived from EPA and DHA are less inflammatory than those derived from ARA [32]. For example, eicosanoid receptors typically have a lower affinity for the EPA-derived mediator than for the ARA-derived one [10,[33][34][35].…”

Possible Health Effects of a Wax Ester Rich Marine Oil

“…Clinical studies and a recent meta-analysis, including 20 clinical trials, have c o n fi r m e d t h e r a p e u t i c e ff e c t s o f n -3 L C -P U F A supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis patients (Gioxari et al, 2018;Woodman et al, 2019). Moreover, a systematic review and meta-analysis by Natto et al (2019) concluded that these omega-3 fatty acids may be associated with lower plasma levels of inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic patients. However, results regarding their effect on glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes are less clear (Stella et al, 2018).…”

Impact of Obesity-Related Inflammation on Cardiac Metabolism and Function

“… 99 A recent meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials, which included over 120,000 participants, confirmed that PUFA supplementation reduces the risk for CHD and CVD, myocardial infarction, and death due to CHD and CVD. 100 101 A systematic review and meta-analysis by Natto et al 102 also concluded that PUFA consumption may be associated with lower plasma levels of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with diabetes. However, results regarding the effects of PUFAs on glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes are less clear, 103 most likely due to differences in the choice of PUFA preparation, dosage, and intervention.…”