Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation Attenuates Inflammatory Markers After Eccentric Exercise in Untrained Men

Abstract

Ingestion of N-3 can be effective in ameliorating, eccentric exercise-induced, inflammatory markers.

Human inflammatory and resolving lipid mediator responses to resistance exercise and ibuprofen treatment

“…The most investigated lipid mediator in human models of exerciseinduced muscle injury has been PGE 2 , likely because of its proinflammatory and hyperalgesic properties and their hypothesized association with sympotomology of DOMs. Although some studies have reported elevated circulating PGE 2 concurrent with the onset of DOMs 24 -72 h following exerciseinduced muscle injury (95,102), others have found no such response (4,9,13,23,24,41). The reasons for this are unclear but may be related to differences in the intensity of skeletal muscle loading [for example, downhill running (13) vs. resistance exercise (95,102)] and/or the volume of active muscle mass [unilateral/isolation (4,9,23,24,41) vs. bilateral/compound exercises (95,102)].…”

“…The limited studies available have focused on the potential role of select COX-1 and COX-2 pathway-derived proinflammatory/hyperalgesic PGs (e.g., PGE 2 ) in underlying the symptoms of exercise-induced muscle injury, which occur Ն24 h into recovery. While some studies have reported elevated circulating levels PGE 2 , concurrent with the onset of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMs) 24 -72 h postexercise (95,102), others have found no such response (4,9,13,23,24,41). Additionally, a large body of research on the use of NSAIDs, the main therapeutic mechanism of action of which is thought to be blockade of the COX-1 and COX-2 pathways to relieve symptoms of DOMs, has yielded conflicting and inconclusive results (reviewed in Ref.…”

Effect of an acute dose of omega-3 fish oil following exercise-induced muscle damage

“…While there is benefit to physical activity which results in EIMD (see McHugh 2003 for example), individuals involved in regular and repeated competition in a short time period (i.e., tournament play) may wish to forgo any positive adaptive effects in favour of being able to maintain optimal athletic performance. As a result of studies demonstrating an anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 (Tartibian et al, 2011;Mickleborough et al, 2015), it was hypothesised that IL-6, and perceived muscle soreness may have been reduced in the High and Low EPA groups. Although not conclusive (Weldon et al, 2007), EPA has been shown to be a more potent inhibitor of the inflammatory response than DHA (Mickleborough et al, 2009), and it may have been expected that this would result in the high EPA group having reduced symptoms of inflammatory markers.…”

“…Omega-3 fish oil is a supplement which has increased in popularity as it has potent anti-inflammatory effects and is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease (Hu et al, 2002). The two primary constituents of fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are thought to reduce the production and release of arachidonic acid and pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, among others, with this being particularly true of EPA (Tartibian et al, 2011;Lenn et al, 2002). Accordingly, it has been suggested that fish oil can ameliorate symptoms of EIMD, including soreness and swelling (Jouris et al, 2011).…”

The Effect of Curcumin Supplementation on Selected Markers of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)

“…Extensive research has been done to investigate procedures to reduce DOMS and many studies have reported that nutrition interventions can reduce experiences of DOMS (7). Commonly known nutritional interventions include caffeine, omega-3 fatty acids, and taurine (8)(9)(10).…”