Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation in the Treatment of Depression: An Observational Study

Mehdi, Seema; Manohar, Kishor; Shariff, Atiqulla; Kinattingal, Nabeel; Wani, Shahid Ud Din; Alshehri, Sultan; Imam, Mohammad Tarique; Shakeel, Faiyaz; Krishna, K L

doi:10.3390/jpm13020224

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The findings suggest that the prevalence of MCI among diabetic individuals may be because of the complex and diverse nature of diabetes, which has multiple contributing factors, including oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. These factors might play a crucial role in the development of cognitive impairment in diabetic individuals, as supported by previous research [ 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Prevalence of Cognitive Decline in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Real-World Cross-Sectional Study in Mysuru, India

Kinattingal

Mehdi

Undela

et al. 2023

JPM

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The goal of this research is to study the prevalence of cognitive impairment in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and establish the necessity of detecting and treating it early in these patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Mysuru for 4 months examined diabetic patients (test) and nondiabetic subjects (control) for cognitive decline using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool. Cognitive functions such as visuospatial/executive function, naming, attention, language, abstraction, delayed recall, and orientation were assessed in both groups. The diabetic group showed a significantly lower total MoCA score than the non-diabetic group (18.99 ± 0.48 and 26.21 ± 0.46, respectively; p < 0.001). Assessment of scores in diabetic patients demonstrated the significant influence of age demographics on cognitive impairment (p-value < 0.001). Furthermore, a higher proportion of diabetic patients displayed cognitive impairment despite a higher score in a single subdomain, making it evident that diabetes is diverse and multifactorial in origin, where oxidative stress and inflammatory responses play a predominant role. This study suggested that the local T2DM population residing in Mysuru (India) has a high prevalence of cognitive impairment, evident from poor performance in almost all cognitive domains assessed by MoCA. Future studies could examine the generalizability of cognitive function findings in diabetic patients across diverse geographic regions and ethnic groups, as well as investigate interventions such as lifestyle modifications and medication to prevent or delay cognitive decline in those with diabetes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Prevalence of Cognitive Decline in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Real-World Cross-Sectional Study in Mysuru, India

Kinattingal

Mehdi

Undela

et al. 2023

JPM

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“…It is plausible that the CAP-loaded nanoemulsion and FLX treatments may have desensitized or stabilized the HPA axis in response to physical stressors. In contrast, the NWM group displayed an increase in immobility during the evaluation period, which suggests a different response to the stressors introduced in the experiment [2,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Evaluation of Antidepressant Activity of Capsaicin Nanoemulsion in Nicotine Withdrawal-Induced Depression in Mice

Krishnamoorthy,

Roohi,

Peddha

et al. 2023

Brain Sciences

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Depression is a low-energy condition that has an impact on a person’s thoughts, actions, propensities, emotional state, and sense of wellbeing. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 5% of adults are depressed. Individuals who are depressed are commonly prescribed antidepressants, and sometimes, individuals may have other psychiatric conditions that share overlapping symptoms with depression. These cooccurring conditions can complicate the diagnostic process, leading to a misdiagnosis and the prescription of antidepressants. Capsaicin (CAP) is a known antidepressant. Hence, this study aimed to assess the antidepressant activity of CAP nanoemulsion in nicotine (NC) withdrawal-induced depression in mice. Mice treated with CAP (3 mg/kg) showed reduced immobility in the forced swimming test (FST), tail-suspension test (TST), and open field test (OFT). During the OFT, the animals treated with nanoemulsion (CAP 3 mg/kg) spent less time in the corners than the control animals. Biochemical parameters, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), were observed in reduced quantities in the NC withdrawal model (NWM), where they were slightly increased in the high-dose nanoemulsion (CAP 3 mg/kg) compared to the low-dose nanoemulsion (CAP 1 mg/kg). These results suggest that CAP caused antidepressant activity in the NWM via the nanoemulsion.

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“…By contrast, dietary supplements, such as omega-3 fatty acids, have been widely used to improve depressive symptoms and cognitive function clinically [ 19 , 20 , 21 ] for their effectiveness and safety [ 22 ]. Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that are abundantly present in fish oil, are currently under thorough investigation for their potential efficacy in alleviating symptoms of depression and dementia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Depression in the Elderly and Patients with Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Chang,

Ting,

Chen

et al. 2024

Healthcare

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This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation interventions in improving depression in patients with dementia. To achieve this objective, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from primary electronic databases, focusing on the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and depression in patients with dementia. The primary outcome was the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on post-intervention depression in patients with dementia, with subgroup analyses conducted based on the type of intervention (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) combination), duration of intervention (3 months, 6 months, 12 months, ≥24 months), cognitive function (ranging from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to severe dementia), and daily dosage (high, medium, low, applicable to both DHA and EPA). The study has been duly registered with PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD42023408744). A meta-analysis of five studies (n = 517) included in nine systematic reviews showed that omega-3 supplementation had a non-significant trend toward affecting depressive symptoms in patients with dementia (standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.147; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.324 to 0.049; p = 0.141). Subgroup analyses revealed that DHA supplementation significantly reduced depressive symptoms (SMD: −0.247; p = 0.039). There was no significant effect for high (SMD: −0.169; 95% CI: −0.454 to 0.116; p = 0.246) or medium (SMD: −0.061; 95% CI: −0.228 to 0.105; p = 0.470) doses of EPA. However, low doses of EPA were significantly effective (SMD: −0.953; 95% CI: −1.534 to −0.373; p = 0.001), with notable improvements in patients with MCI (SMD: −0.934; p < 0.001). The study concludes that omega-3 fatty acids, particularly through DHA supplementation, may alleviate depressive symptoms in patients with MCI. Given the limited sample size, further long-term RCTs are recommended to better understand the efficacy and optimal management of omega-3 supplementation in this population using different dosages.

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation in the Treatment of Depression: An Observational Study

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence of Cognitive Decline in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Real-World Cross-Sectional Study in Mysuru, India

Prevalence of Cognitive Decline in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Real-World Cross-Sectional Study in Mysuru, India

Evaluation of Antidepressant Activity of Capsaicin Nanoemulsion in Nicotine Withdrawal-Induced Depression in Mice

Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Depression in the Elderly and Patients with Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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