Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Attenuates Uremia-Induced Brain Damage in Mice

Abstract

Although the cause of neurological disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been completely identified yet, recent papers have identified accumulated uremic toxin as its main cause. Additionally, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) plays an important role in maintaining normal nerve function, but its protective effects against uremic toxin is unclear. The objective of this study was to identify brain damage caused by uremic toxicity and determine the protective effects of ω-3 PUFA against uremic toxin. We divided mice into the following groups: wild-type (wt) sham (n = 8), ω-3 PUFA sham (n = 8), Fat-1 sham (n = 8), ischemia-reperfusion (IR) (n = 20), and ω-3 PUFA+IR (n = 20) Fat-1+IR (n = 20). Brain tissue, kidney tissue, and blood were collected three days after the operation of mice (sham and IR operation). This study showed that Ki67 and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) decreased in the brain of uremic mice as compared to wt mice brain, but increased in the ω-3 PUFA-treated uremic mice and the brain of uremic Fat-1 mice as compared to the brain of uremic mice. The pro-apoptotic protein expressions were increased, whereas anti-apoptotic protein expression decreased in the brain of uremic mice as compared to wt mice brain. However, apoptotic protein expression decreased in the ω-3 PUFA-treated uremic mice and the brain of uremic Fat-1 mice as compared to the brain of uremic mice. Furthermore, the brain of ω-3 PUFA-treated uremic mice and uremic Fat-1 mice showed increased expression of p-PI3K, p-PDK1, and p-Akt as compared to the brain of uremic mice. We confirm that uremic toxin damages the brain and causes cell death. In these injuries, ω-3 PUFA plays an important role in neuroprotection through PI(3)K-Akt signaling.

ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve the Blood–Brain-Barrier Integrity in Contrast-Induced Blood–Brain-Barrier Injury in Uremic Mice

“…Similarly, the results of this study suggest that ω-3 PUFAs improved the constituent cells of the BBB damaged by urea toxins. Increased antioxidant defense and reduced oxidative stress were reported in the ω-3 PUFA traumatic-brain-injury mouse brain [39], and apoptosis of weakened neuronal cells induced by uremia in ω-3 PUFA uremic mice and fat-1 uremic mouse brains [40]. In this study, we show that ω-3 PUFAs are involved in cell survival through decreased apoptosis marker expression in the uremic mouse brain.…”

Study on Nursing Effect of Psychological Intervention on Uremic Hemodialysis Patients

“…Psychological intervention refers to the planned and purposeful implementation of psychological counseling for the intervention object with the help of professional psychological counseling personnel, so as to reduce psychological pressure and complete the predetermined goal [9,10]. Effective psychological intervention plays a very important role in improving patients' psychological pressure and improving patients' compliance [11][12][13]. This study collected uremic hemodialysis patients and implemented psychological intervention to explore the nursing efficacy of psychological intervention on uremic hemodialysis.…”

Association between Serum GDF-15 and Cognitive Dysfunction in Hemodialysis Patients

“…Blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava at sacrifice under anesthesia and placed into prechilled Eppendorf tubes (4 • C). The serum was separated by centrifugation for 20 min at 4 • C. Then, serum aliquots were shock-frozen using liquid nitrogen and stored at −70 • C. The brain tissue samples were prepared as previously described [26]. The brain was perfused transcardially with 4% PFA in PBS, and the brain tissues were collected for Western blot analysis.…”