Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biomarkers and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality

Jiang, Hong; Wang, Lina; Wang, Duolao; Yan, Ni; Li, Chao; Wu, Min; Wang, Fan; Mi, Baibing; Chen, Fangyao; Wei, Jia; Liu, Xi; Lv, Jiaxin; Liu, Yan; Lin, Jing; Ma, Le

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2022.06.034

Cited by 51 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…[28] One set of studies found that higher levels of omega-3 PUFA were linked to a notable reduction in the risk of CVDs, coronary heart disease, and overall mortality. [59] A study conducted by Harris et al in 2021 established that elevated blood n-3 fatty acid levels were connected to a decreased risk of death. [60] However, despite numerous investigations into this matter, several articles suggest that there is no significant impact on these mortality rates, indicating a need for further research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 supplementation and outcomes of heart failure: A systematic review of clinical trials

Nomali,

Heidari,

Ayati

et al. 2024

Medicine

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Backgrounds: Omega-3 supplements are endorsed for heart failure (HF) patients to reduce hospitalizations and mortality, offering anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective benefits. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in various databases until November 2022. Eligible studies included clinical trials on patients with HF. Data extraction covered study details, omega-3 specifics, outcomes, and limitations. The JADAD scale was used to assess the risk of bias in randomized controlled trials. Results: The review process involved 572 records from database searches, resulting in 19 studies after eliminating duplicates and screening. These studies assessed the impact of omega-3 on various clinical outcomes, such as mortality, hospitalization, cardiac function, and quality of life. Studied duration varied from weeks to years. Omega-3 supplementation demonstrated potential benefits such as improved heart function, reduced inflammation, and decreased risk of cardiovascular events. Conclusion: Omega-3 supplementation could benefit heart disease treatment, potentially reducing therapy duration and improving outcomes. Starting omega-3 supplementation for HF patients seems favorable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 supplementation and outcomes of heart failure: A systematic review of clinical trials

Nomali,

Heidari,

Ayati

et al. 2024

Medicine

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“…Our meta-analysis suggested that high dietary intake of DHA (low heterogeneity), DPA (moderate heterogeneity), and EPA (moderate heterogeneity), were associated with reduced risk of CRC. Although the results of most observational studies have shown no meaningful association between n -3 PUFA and CRC, there has been an inverse association between dietary EPA, DHA, and DPA intake and CRC in previously published studies [ 7 , 10 , 30 , 31 ]. Nevertheless, no significant association between blood n -3 PUFA and CRC was observed, which could be due to relatively small sample sizes and variations of the main sources of blood n -3 PUFA which are abundant in fish and fish oil [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Investigation on Associations between Dietary Intake and Blood Levels of Fatty Acids and Colorectal Cancer Risk

Lü

Wang

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Background: Increasingly, studies have discovered that different fatty acids (Fas) are linked to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Methods: We systematically searched Embase and Medline databases to identify eligible studies that examined the associations of different types of Fas with CRC risk. The effect estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (Cis) were pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the robustness of the study findings. Results: This study evaluated the associations of 28 dietary and 18 blood Fas with CRC risk by summarizing the most updated evidence from 54 observational and four Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies. The present findings suggested that high dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexanoic acid (DHA), and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) are related to low risk of CRC, while the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and trans-FA are related to high risk of CRC. The summary of all cohort studies found that a high intake of SFA and DHA was a protective factor for CRC, and a high intake of the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was a risk factor for CRC. In the subgroup analysis of cancer subsites, we found that the dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA) and trans-FA are risk factors, while DPA is a protective factor for colon cancer. High dietary DHA intake was associated with a lower risk of rectal cancer, while the dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was associated with a higher risk of rectal cancer. Meta-analysis of blood FA levels showed a significant reverse association between blood pentadecanoic acid and CRC risk, whilst other blood Fas showed no significant association with CRC risk. All included MR studies showed that high plasma arachidonic acid (AA) is associated with increased CRC risk. Conclusions: Current evidence on the dietary intake and blood levels of Fas in relation to CRC risk is less consistent. Future studies are needed to investigate how the metabolism of Fas contributes to CRC development.

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“…Our study showed that the levels of plasma very-long-chain saturated fatty acids, such as arachidic acid (20:0) and behenic acid (22:0), and polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as α-linolenic acid (18:3n3), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n3), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3), were decreased in advanced fibrosis, while the levels of plasma lauric acid (12:0), myristic acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1n7), and oleic acid (18:1n9) were increased in patients with high NAS. Increased levels of plasma saturated fatty acids, such as palmitic acid (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0), and monounsaturated fatty acids, such as palmitoleic acid (16:1n–7), are associated with increased insulin resistance and diabetes risk [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 24 ]; however, increased plasma levels of saturated very-long-chain fatty acids, such as arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0), and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as α-linolenic acid (18:3n3), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n3), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3), may decrease this risk [ 10 , 11 , 13 ]. Therefore, the change in plasma fatty acid levels in this study might be associated with the deterioration of glucose metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, higher very-long-chain saturated fatty acid levels in plasma phospholipids, such as arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0), have been associated with lower risks of incident diabetes mellitus [ 10 , 11 ] and carotid artery plaques [ 12 ]. In addition, a previous meta-analysis has shown that α-linolenic acid (18:3n3), eicosatetraenoic acid (20:5n3), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n3), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3) decreased the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, or mortality [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Fatty Acid Composition Is Associated with Histological Findings of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

et al. 2022

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The relationship between advanced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and plasma fatty acid composition remains unknown. We aimed to examine the plasma fatty acid composition in biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and evaluate the relationship between histological findings and fatty acid composition. Overall, 235 patients (134 women) with NAFLD were enrolled. Comprehensive blood chemistry tests and histological examinations of liver samples were conducted. Multivariate analyses adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, alanine aminotransferase, hemoglobin A1c, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and NAFLD Activity Score values showed that lower levels of arachidic, behenic, α-linolenic, eicosatetraenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids and higher levels of mead acid were associated with fibrosis stage 3–4. Furthermore, higher lauric acid, myristic acid, and palmitic acid levels and monounsaturated fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid and oleic acid were significantly associated with high NAS in analyses adjusted for the same factors and fibrosis stage. The plasma fatty acid composition was associated with the histological evidence of NASH. Increased synthesis of fatty acids is associated with NASH; insufficient intake of n-3 essential fatty acids and reduced elongation of fatty acids are associated with fibrosis in NASH. These features may help clinicians to understand and treat advanced NASH cases.

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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biomarkers and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality

Cited by 51 publications

References 106 publications

Omega-3 supplementation and outcomes of heart failure: A systematic review of clinical trials

Omega-3 supplementation and outcomes of heart failure: A systematic review of clinical trials

Comprehensive Investigation on Associations between Dietary Intake and Blood Levels of Fatty Acids and Colorectal Cancer Risk

Plasma Fatty Acid Composition Is Associated with Histological Findings of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

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