Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Resolution of Inflammation: Novel Therapeutic Opportunities for Aortic Valve Stenosis?

Artiach, Gonzalo; Bäck, Magnus

doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.584128

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…n-3 PUFAs are anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory (Tu et al, 2020), pro-resolving of inflammation and pain (Ji et al, 2011;Serhan and Levy, 2018) Elevated n-6 play a role in chronic pain (Prego-Dominguez et al, 2016;Shapiro et al, 2016;Lin et al, 2020), energy control, and inflammation (Chen et al, 2016;Dragano et al, 2017;Artiach and Back, 2020) D5D Decreased unesterified plasma and esterified CSF (Figure 5) Higher D5D is associated with stroke (Daneshmand et al, 2017), inflammation and insulin resistance (Baugh et al, 2015;Pickens et al, 2016). The decrease in C20:4n-6/dihomo-γ-C20:3n-6 ratio may indicate AA's preferential use for prostanoid formation.…”

Section: Pufasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Lipolysis and Changes in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Signaling Lipids Reveal Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in Chronic Migraine

Castor

Dawlaty

Arakaki

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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BackgroundLipids are a primary storage form of energy and the source of inflammatory and pain signaling molecules, yet knowledge of their importance in chronic migraine (CM) pathology is incomplete. We aim to determine if plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lipid metabolism are associated with CM pathology.MethodsWe obtained plasma and CSF from healthy controls (CT, n = 10) or CM subjects (n = 15) diagnosed using the International Headache Society criteria. We measured unesterified fatty acid (UFA) and esterified fatty acids (EFAs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Glycerophospholipids (GP) and sphingolipid (SP) levels were determined using LC-MS/MS, and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity was determined using fluorescent substrates.ResultsUnesterified fatty acid levels were significantly higher in CM plasma but not in CSF. Unesterified levels of five saturated fatty acids (SAFAs), eight monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), five ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and five ω-6 PUFAs are higher in CM plasma. Esterified levels of three SAFAs, eight MUFAs, five ω-3 PUFAs, and three ω-6 PUFAs, are higher in CM plasma. The ratios C20:4n-6/homo-γ-C20:3n-6 representative of delta-5-desaturases (D5D) and the elongase ratio are lower in esterified and unesterified CM plasma, respectively. In the CSF, the esterified D5D index is lower in CM. While PLA2 activity was similar, the plasma UFA to EFA ratio is higher in CM. Of all plasma GP/SPs detected, only ceramide levels are lower (p = 0.0003) in CM (0.26 ± 0.07%) compared to CT (0.48 ± 0.06%). The GP/SP proportion of platelet-activating factor (PAF) is significantly lower in CM CSF.ConclusionsPlasma and CSF lipid changes are consistent with abnormal lipid metabolism in CM. Since plasma UFAs correspond to diet or adipose tissue levels, higher plasma fatty acids and UFA/EFA ratios suggest enhanced adipose lipolysis in CM. Differences in plasma and CSF desaturases and elongases suggest altered lipid metabolism in CM. A lower plasma ceramide level suggests reduced de novo synthesis or reduced sphingomyelin hydrolysis. Changes in CSF PAF suggest differences in brain lipid signaling pathways in CM. Together, this pilot study shows lipid metabolic abnormality in CM corresponding to altered energy homeostasis. We propose that controlling plasma lipolysis, desaturases, elongases, and lipid signaling pathways may relieve CM symptoms.

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Section: Pufasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Lipolysis and Changes in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Signaling Lipids Reveal Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in Chronic Migraine

Castor

Dawlaty

Arakaki

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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“…Mechanistic exploration in mouse models and human aortic valves have supported direct valvular effects both as calcification inhibitors and by favoring a pro-resolving immune response by M2 macrophages. Taken together, these emerging evidence points towards the EPA-RvE1-ChemR23 axis a crucial beneficial role of fatty acids in AVS, with possible therapeutic implications [75].…”

Section: Omega-3 Fatty Acids In Aortic Valve Stenosismentioning

confidence: 90%

Fatty acids and aortic valve stenosis

Plunde

Bäck

2021

Kardiol Pol

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“…Furthermore, specialized proresolving mediators (SPM) [60] are decreased in COVID-19 [61] and CAVS [62] , suggesting a common regulatory pathway. Stimulating the resolution of inflammation through supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids as substrate for increased SPM biosynthesis has been proposed a therapeutic option for both COVID-19 [44] and CAVS [63] .…”

Section: Putative Mechanisms For Cavs Consequences Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcific aortic valve stenosis and COVID-19: clinical management, valvular damage, and pathophysiological mechanisms

et al. 2022

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Patients with corona virus disease (COVID)-19 are prone to a variety of myocardial and vascular complications. Recent studies suggest that cardiac valves are also potential targets for the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is the most common valvular heart disease. Severe COVID-19 has been associated with main risk factors for CAVS, including male sex, older age, cardiovascular co-morbidities, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Prognostic implications for concomitant CAVS and SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported. Changes in CAVS diagnostic, interventional, and follow-up clinical processes have occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 may damage aortic valves via both direct injury and indirect mechanisms that include hyperinflammation, oxidative stress, and valve thrombosis. The injury is often acute but may be irreversible and thus favor future CAVS development. Rheumatic heart disease, which develops as a sequel of rheumatic fever, is one example of a possible relation between an acute infection and chronic valvular heart disease. A persistent prothrombotic state, prolonged endothelial dysfunction, and incomplete resolution of inflammation after COVID-19 convalescence may expose the aortic valves to chronic stimulation toward CAVS. Priority of CAVS management in COVID-19 includes avoiding treatment delay and managing underlying pathophysiological state that promotes CAVS.

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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Resolution of Inflammation: Novel Therapeutic Opportunities for Aortic Valve Stenosis?

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

Plasma Lipolysis and Changes in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Signaling Lipids Reveal Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in Chronic Migraine

Plasma Lipolysis and Changes in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Signaling Lipids Reveal Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in Chronic Migraine

Fatty acids and aortic valve stenosis

Calcific aortic valve stenosis and COVID-19: clinical management, valvular damage, and pathophysiological mechanisms

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