Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vegetarian diets

Saunders, Angela; Davis, Brenda; Garg, Manohar L.

doi:10.5694/mjao11.11507

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Enzymes in our bodies convert these short-chain fatty acids to long-chain n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. ALA is converted (incidentally, not only by humans, but also by many other animals, including fish) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid, with stearidonic acid (SDA) as an intermediate in the pathway; LA is converted to arachidonic acid (Saunders et al 2012a). …”

Section: Essential Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant foods that are high in omega-3 fatty acids include chia, flax, canola (rapeseed), hemp, walnuts, perilla, and olive oil (Saunders et al 2012a;O'Neill 2010, 201). Blackcurrant seed oil, derived from the seeds of Ribes nigrum, is rich not only in omega-3 fatty acids, but also in SDA, and the same applies to oil derived from plants belonging to the Echium genus, a collection of species within the Boraginaceae family (Li 2011).…”

Section: Essential Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blackcurrant seed oil, derived from the seeds of Ribes nigrum, is rich not only in omega-3 fatty acids, but also in SDA, and the same applies to oil derived from plants belonging to the Echium genus, a collection of species within the Boraginaceae family (Li 2011). Genetically engineered soybeans that contain SDA have also been recommended (Saunders et al 2012a), but their inclusion within a diet would depend on their acceptability, a debate that I touched upon briefly in section 2.11 and that I shall not engage with any further here. To ensure adequate consumption of ALA, Norris and Messina (2011, 89) recommend that adults consume three to four daily servings from this list: '1 teaspoon canola oil, 1/4 teaspoon flaxseed oil, 2/3 teaspoon hempseed oil, 1 teaspoon walnut oil, 2 teaspoons ground English walnuts or 2 walnut halves, 1 teaspoon ground flaxseeds, 1/2 cup cooked soybeans, 1 cup firm tofu, 1 cup tempeh, 2 tablespoons soynuts' .…”

Section: Essential Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…People with increased needs (for example pregnant and lactating women) and people with compromised conversion rates (for example people with diabetes or hypertension, and older people) may also benefit from consuming limited amounts of DHA-and-where available-EPA-fortified foods and DHA-supplements derived from microalgae (which can retro-convert to EPA inside the human body), as well as from consuming brown algae (kelp) oils (Saunders et al 2012a;ADA 2009ADA , 1268ADA , 1271Craig 2009Geppert et al 2005). Norris and Messina (2011, 58, 55) write that vegans over the age of 60 'should consider' a daily DHA (or a combination of DHA and EPA) supplement of 200 to 300 milligrams, a supplement dose that they are also 'inclined to recommend' at a frequency of every two to three days for those who are younger.…”

Section: Essential Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal (De)liberation: Should the Consumption of Animal Products Be Banned?

Deckers¹

2016

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Section: Essential Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Essential Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Essential Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Essential Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal (De)liberation: Should the Consumption of Animal Products Be Banned?

Deckers¹

2016

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“…Tab. 7 Empfehlungen zur Sicherstellung der Versorgung mit kritischen Nährstoffen [53,54]. ALA: α-Linolensäure, DHA: Docosahexaensäure, EPA: Eicosapentaensäure…”

Section: Weitere Alternative Ernährungsformenunclassified

Alternative Ernährungsformen

Schmeißer

Löser

Behrendt

et al. 2016

Aktuel Ernahrungsmed

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Zusammenfassung Alternative Ern?hrungsformen (AEF) sind von der derzeit ?blichen Mischkost abweichende Ern?hrungskonzepte, die f?r eine dauerhafte Ern?hrung empfohlen werden. Sie basieren auf ethischen, philosophischen oder gesundheitlichen Erw?gungen und f?hren zu sehr unterschiedlichen Empfehlungen bei der Lebensmittelauswahl. Auch innerhalb einer bestimmten AEF findet sich meist ein breites Spektrum an Varianten, sodass eine generalisierte Bewertung, auch einzelner Ern?hrungsweisen, nur bedingt m?glich ist. Relativ gut sind vegetarische Ern?hrungsformen und teilweise die Steinzeitern?hrung untersucht. Pflanzlich ausgerichtete AEF sind als Dauerern?hrung geeignet und k?nnen gesundheitliche Vorteile gegen?ber der derzeit im Durchschnitt praktizierten Ern?hrung bieten (das Risiko f?r Krebserkrankungen wird um 10???18?% und f?r isch?mische Herzerkrankungen um 30?% gesenkt; g?nstiger Einfluss auf Blutdruck und Lipidprofil; kein risikosenkender Effekt auf die Gesamtmortalit?t). Kritisch zu bewerten sind vegane Ern?hrungsformen; sie sind mit einem erh?hten Risiko f?r einzelne N?hrstoffdefizite (Vitamin B12, Jod und ggf. Kalzium sowie langkettige Omega-3-Fetts?uren) verbunden, wenn nicht entsprechende Supplemente oder angereicherte Lebensmittel konsumiert werden.

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Oilseed crop sunflower (Helianthus annuus) as a source of food: Nutritional and health benefits

Adeleke

Babalola

2020

Food Science & Nutrition

251

114

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The use of biofertilizers in developing environmentally friendly agriculture as an alternative to chemical‐based fertilizers in enhancing food production is promising in sustainable agriculture for the improvement in the yield of some commercial crops such as sunflowers and other oilseed crops in terms of quality and quantity. Sunflower is an important oilseed crop native to South America and currently cultivated throughout the world. Generally, the sunflower is considered important based on its nutritional and medicinal value. Due to its beneficial health effects, sunflower has been recognized as functional foods or nutraceutical, although not yet fully harnessed. Sunflower contains mineral elements and phytochemicals such as dietary fiber, manganese, vitamins, tocopherols, phytosterols, triterpene glycosides, α‐tocopherol, glutathione reductase, flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, peptides, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins; and these compounds contribute to their functional and nutraceutical development. The extract from sunflower is known to be a potential source of antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, antitumor, and antioxidants agents that protect human cells against harmful reactive oxygen molecules and pathogenic microorganisms. Also, the pharmacological survey on sunflower had revealed its curative power to different kinds of diseases. The health benefits of sunflower include blood pressure and diabetic control, skin protection, and lowering cholesterol and other functions. This review is written with appropriate referencing to previously published work and provides updated information regarding the new method of organic farming for sunflower production, nutritional and health benefits, and its by‐products as human diet and livestock feed. Also, the constraints of sunflower production are elucidated.

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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vegetarian diets

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

Animal (De)liberation: Should the Consumption of Animal Products Be Banned?

Animal (De)liberation: Should the Consumption of Animal Products Be Banned?

Alternative Ernährungsformen

Oilseed crop sunflower (Helianthus annuus) as a source of food: Nutritional and health benefits

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