Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertriglyceridemia mechanisms in cardiovascular disease

Shibabaw, Tewodros

doi:10.1007/s11010-020-03965-7

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…All in all, the most evident different changes induced by LFD and MD on blood FAs were on omega−3, which have a range of reputed vasculoprotective effects [ 38 , 39 ], possibly related with the association between omega−3 blood FA levels and cardiovascular health reported in several observational studies [ 31 , 33 ]. In the present study, blood omega−3 levels were significantly correlated, as expected, with the number of fish servings per week and with the intake of nuts, (i.e., with two out of the three main food items that differed quantitatively between LFD and MD).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mediterranean Diet or Low-Fat Diet on Blood Fatty Acids in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. A Randomized Intervention Study

et al. 2021

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The Mediterranean diet (MD) prevents cardiovascular disease by different putative mechanisms, including modifications in the blood fatty acid (FA) profile. Polytherapy for secondary cardiovascular prevention might mask the effect of MD on the FA profile. This study was aimed to assess whether MD, in comparison with a low-fat diet (LFD), favorably modifies the blood FA profile in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) on polytherapy. One hundred and twenty patients with a recent history of coronary stenting, randomized to MD or to LFD, completed 3 months of this open-label dietary intervention study. Diet Mediterranean-ness was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MeDAS) score. Both diets significantly reduced saturated FA (p < 0.01). Putative favorable changes in total n-3 FA (p = 0.03) and eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA; p = 0.04) were significantly larger with MD than with LFD. At 3 months, in the whole cohort, the MeDAS score correlated inversely with palmitic acid (R = −0.21, p = 0.02), and with palmitoleic acid (R = −0.32, p = 0.007), and positively with total n-3 FA (R = 0.19, p = 0.03), EPA (R = 0.28, p = 0.002), and EPA + DHA (R = 0.21, p = 0.02). In CHD patients on polytherapy, both MD and LFD shift FA blood composition towards a healthier profile, with a more favorable effect of MD on omega−3 levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mediterranean Diet or Low-Fat Diet on Blood Fatty Acids in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. A Randomized Intervention Study

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, fish and seafood are excellent sources of omega-3 (n − 3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), particularly eicosapentaenoic (EPA: 20:5n − 3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA: 22:6n − 3) acids, well-known for advantageous effects in a range of human pathologies. Epidemiological and clinical evidence suggests that consumption of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids reduces cholesterol levels and prevents most cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and proinflammatory disorders [ 3 ]. For these its exceptional nutritional properties and therapeutic benefits, fish constitutes one of the more healthful foods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Levels of Mercury, Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic in Some Commercially Key Species from Italian Coasts (Adriatic Sea): Focus on Human Health

Barone

Storelli

Garofalo

et al. 2022

Toxics

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This study provides information on the potential human health risk of Hg, Cd, Pb and As exposure from consumption of two fish species (Umbrina cirrosa and Sciaena umbra) in the general population and in high-level fish consumers. The concentrations did not show significant differences between the two species, and no fish length element level–body-length relationship was observed, except for Hg. The average metal(loid) levels, irrespective of species, varied in the following ranges: Hg = 0.18–0.19, Cd = 0.07–0.10, Pb = 0.10–0.12, As = 0.59–0.69 μg g−1 w.w. The concentrations remained below the maximum permissible limits (MPLs) for human consumption, except for Cd. The estimated intakes of Hg, Cd and Pb in both consumption scenarios were lower than the respective PTWI/PTMIs, as well as those of inorganic As, which were even lower than the BMDL01. The non-carcinogenic risk (THQ) did not reveal any concerns, except for Hg. The lifetime health cancer risk (ILCR) suggested hazard exclusively from Cd, although for high-level fish consumers, even the ILCR of inorganic As was, in some cases, above the acceptable range. Continuous monitoring of metal(loid) levels in these fish is strongly recommended because the results demonstrate the occurrence of potential health risks, especially in high-level fish consumers, due to the presence of Hg and Cd.

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“…Numerous studies have reported that omega-3 fatty acids scale back plasma triglycerides and increase HDL levels. They have been reported to inhibit blood platelet aggregation, improve endothelial function, decrease oxidative stress, and act as a potent medication agent ( 133 ). Changes in blood lipid and lipoprotein profiles were also observed after omega-3 fatty acid treatment for 8 weeks.…”

Section: Anti-as Interventions Involving Sdldl-cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small, Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Atherosclerosis: Relationship and Therapeutic Strategies

Jin

Yang

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) plays an important role in the formation, incidence, and development of atherosclerosis (AS). Low-density lipoproteins can be divided into two categories: large and light LDL-C and small, dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C). In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that sdLDL-C has a strong ability to cause AS because of its unique characteristics, such as having small-sized particles and low density. Therefore, this has become the focus of further research. However, the specific mechanisms regarding the involvement of sdLDL-C in AS have not been fully explained. This paper reviews the possible mechanisms of sdLDL-C in AS by reviewing relevant literature in recent years. It was found that sdLDL-C can increase the atherogenic effect by regulating the activity of gene networks, monocytes, and enzymes. This article also reviews the research progress on the effects of sdLDL-C on endothelial function, lipid metabolism, and inflammation; it also discusses its intervention effect. Diet, exercise, and other non-drug interventions can improve sdLDL-C levels. Further, drug interventions such as statins, fibrates, ezetimibe, and niacin have also been found to improve sdLDL-C levels.

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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertriglyceridemia mechanisms in cardiovascular disease

Cited by 43 publications

References 92 publications

Effects of Mediterranean Diet or Low-Fat Diet on Blood Fatty Acids in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. A Randomized Intervention Study

Effects of Mediterranean Diet or Low-Fat Diet on Blood Fatty Acids in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. A Randomized Intervention Study

Residual Levels of Mercury, Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic in Some Commercially Key Species from Italian Coasts (Adriatic Sea): Focus on Human Health

Small, Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Atherosclerosis: Relationship and Therapeutic Strategies

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