Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer

Cockbain, Andrew J.; Toogood, Giles J.; Hull, MA

doi:10.1136/gut.2010.233718

Cited by 268 publications

(259 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…This finding reinforces the idea that omega-3 has immunomodulating effects in inflammation and healing, by stimulating cellular activity, and corroborates the findings of McDaniel et al 21 , who observed an inflammatory infiltrate increase of human healing skin wounds, as well as a significantly higher level of interleukin 1â (IL-1 â) in the inflammatory lesion fluid in the group that received the administration of EPA and DHA. This finding may seem conflicting with that proposed in the literature, that the omega-3 fatty acids have less pro-inflammatory activity by replacing arachidonic acid (omega-6 fatty acid) in the cell membrane and increase, through its metabolism, the production of eicosanoids of lower inflammatory potential, such as leukotriene B 5 and prostaglandin E 3 10,22 . Authors speculate that this increased cellular activity of the anastomotic environment is due to specific cell types, such as macrophages, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts.…”

Section: Results Results Results Resultscontrasting

confidence: 55%

Influence of preoperative supplementation of omega-3 fatty acid in the healing of colonic anastomoses in malnourished rats receiving paclitaxel

Vizzotto

Campos

Mello

et al. 2015

Rev. Col. Bras. Cir.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of preoperative supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids on the healing of colonic anastomoses in malnourished rats receiving paclitaxel. METHODS: we studied 160 male Wistar rats, divided in two groups: one subjected to malnutrition by pair feeding (M) for four weeks, and another that received food ad libitum (W). In the fourth week, the groups were further divided into two subgroups that received omega-3 or olive oil by gavage. The animals were submitted to colonic transection and end-to-end anastomosis. After the operation, each of the four groups was divided into two subgroups that received intraperitoneal isovolumetric solutions of saline or paclitaxel. RESULTS: mortality was 26.8% higher in the group of animals that received paclitaxel (p = 0.003). The complete rupture strength was greater in well-nourished-oil Paclitaxel group (WOP) compared with the the malnourished-oil Paclitaxel one (MOP). The collagen maturation index was higher in well-nourished-oil saline group (WOS) in relation to the malnutrition-oil-saline group (MOS), lower in malnourished-oil-saline group (MOS) in relation to malnourished-ômega3-saline one (M3S) and lower in the well-nourished-omega3-saline group (W3S) compared with the malnourished-omega3-saline (M3S). The blood vessel count was higher in the malnourished-oil-saline group (MOS) than in the malnourished-oil-paclitaxel group (MOP) and lower in the malnourished-oil-saline group (MOS) in relation to the malnourished-omega3-paclitaxel group (M3P). CONCLUSION: supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids was associated with a significant increase in the production of mature collagen in malnourished animals, with a reversal of the harmful effects caused by malnutrition associated with the use of paclitaxel on the rupture strength, and with a stimulus to neoangiogenesis in the group receiving paclitaxel.

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Section: Results Results Results Resultscontrasting

confidence: 55%

Influence of preoperative supplementation of omega-3 fatty acid in the healing of colonic anastomoses in malnourished rats receiving paclitaxel

Vizzotto

Campos

Mello

et al. 2015

Rev. Col. Bras. Cir.

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“…For example, g-tocopherol could be used as vitamin E in lipid emulsion because it has been reported, in contrast to a-tocopherol, to induce growth reduction and apoptosis in different colorectal cancer cell lines, including HT-29 cells [27]. It has been reported that the modulating effect of u-3 PUFAs on proinflammatory prostaglandin synthesis from COX-2 could play a role in minimizing side effects and increasing the efficacy of conventional radio-/chemotherapies [28]. We further speculate that u-3 PUFA peroxidation may play a significant role in cancer treatment, especially because cancer cells have been described to be more sensitive to oxidative stress than normal cells because of altered protecting mechanisms against free radical and reactive oxygen species [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin E content in fish oil emulsion does not prevent lipoperoxidative effects on human colorectal tumors

et al. 2013

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a b s t r a c tObjective: The anticancer action exerted by polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation may not be reproduced by commercially available lipid emulsions rich in vitamin E. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of fish oil (FO) emulsion containing a-tocopherol 0.19 g/L on human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and tumors. Methods: HT-29 cell growth, survival, apoptosis, and lipid peroxidation were analyzed after a 24-h incubation with FO 18 to 80 mg/L. Soybean oil (SO) emulsion was used as an isocaloric and isolipidic control. In vivo, nude mice bearing HT-29 tumors were sacrificed 7 d after an 11-d treatment with intravenous injections of FO or SO 0.2 g • kg À1 • d À1 FO or SO to evaluate tumor growth, necrosis, and lipid peroxidation. Results: The FO inhibited cell viability and clonogenicity in a dose-dependent manner, whereas SO showed no significant effect compared with untreated controls. Lipid peroxidation and cell apoptosis after treatment with FO 45 mg/L were increased 2.0-fold (P < 0.01) and 1.6-fold (P ¼ 0.04), respectively. In vivo, FO treatment did not significantly affect tumor growth. However, immunohistochemical analyses of tumor tissue sections showed a decrease of 0.6-fold (P < 0.01) in the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 and an increase of 2.3-fold (P ¼ 0.03) in the necrotic area, whereas malondialdehyde and total peroxides were increased by 1.9-fold (P ¼ 0.09) and 7.0-fold (P < 0.01), respectively, in tumors of FO-treated compared with untreated mice. Conclusion: These results suggest that FO but not SO has an antitumor effect that can be correlated with lipid peroxidation, despite its vitamin E content.

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“…Increased membrane fluidity, elevated unsaturation index, enhanced transport capabilities or enhanced oxidative stress caused by DHA can improve the uptake, intracellular distribution, and effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. This results in increased sensitivity to chemotherapy, especially in resistant tumour cells, and causes selective enhancement of cytotoxicity to tumour cells and protection of normal cells 120 . Paclitaxel, a taxane diterpenoid, is one of the most common anticancer drugs for the treatment of various types of solid tumours.…”

Section: Potentiation Of Anticancer Chemotherapeutic Drug Effects By Dhamentioning

confidence: 99%

Docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA) in the regulation of colon cell growth and cell death: A review

Skender¹,

Vaculová²,

Hofmanová³

2012

BIOMED PAP

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Background. Experimental, epidemiological and clinical data substantiate the beneficial role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in preventing inflammation and cancer of the colon. This review covers the unsaturated docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA), describes some of its important cellular and molecular mechanisms, its interaction with another dietary lipid, butyrate and with endogenous apoptotic regulators of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family. We also discuss the clinical impact of this knowledge and the use of these lipids in colon cancer prevention and treatment. Results. From the literature, DHA has been shown to suppress the growth, induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells in vitro and decrease the incidence and growth of experimental tumours in vivo. Based on these data and our own experimental results, we describe and discuss the possible mechanisms of DHA anticancer effects at various levels of cell organization. We show that DHA can sensitize colon cancer cells to other chemotherapeutic/chemopreventive agents and affect the action of physiological apoptotic regulators of the TNF family. Conclusion. Use of n-3 PUFAs could be a relatively non-toxic form of supportive therapy for improving colon cancer treatment and slowing down or preventing its recurrence. However, it is necessary to use them with caution, based on solid scientific evidence of their mechanisms of action from the molecular to the cellular and organism levels.

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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer

Cited by 268 publications

References 130 publications

Influence of preoperative supplementation of omega-3 fatty acid in the healing of colonic anastomoses in malnourished rats receiving paclitaxel

Influence of preoperative supplementation of omega-3 fatty acid in the healing of colonic anastomoses in malnourished rats receiving paclitaxel

Vitamin E content in fish oil emulsion does not prevent lipoperoxidative effects on human colorectal tumors

Docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA) in the regulation of colon cell growth and cell death: A review

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